---
title: Forty-eight Vows (阿弥陀佛四十八大愿)
description: "Forty-eight Vows阿弥陀佛四十八大愿"
---

Forty-eight Vows
阿弥陀佛四十八大愿

The Buddha said to him, 'You should proclaim this. Know that now is the
right time. Encourage and delight the entire assembly. Hearing this, other
bodhisattvas will practice this Dharma and so fulfill their innumerable great
vows.'
佛告比丘：汝今可说，宜知是时，发起悦可一切大众。菩萨闻已，修行此法，缘致满足无量大愿。

The Bhiksu replied, 'I beg you to grant me your attention. Now I will
fully proclaim my vows.'
比丘白佛：唯垂听察，如我所愿，当具说之。

(1)If, when I attain Buddhahood, there should be in my land a hell, a
realm of hungry spirits or a realm of animals, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国有地狱、饿鬼、畜生者，不取正觉。(一)

(2) If, when I attain Buddhahood, humans and devas in my land should after
death fall again into the three evil realms, may I not attain perfect
Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中天人寿终之后，复更三恶道者，不取正觉。(二)

(3) If, when I attain Buddhahood, humans and devas in my land should not
all be the color of pure gold, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中天人，不悉真金色者，不取正觉。(三)

(4) If, when I attain Buddhahood, humans and devas in my land should not
all be of one appearance, and should there be any difference in beauty, may I
not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中天人，形色不同，有好丑者，不取正觉。(四)

(5) If, when I attain Buddhahood, humans and devas in my land should not
remember all their previous lives, not knowing even the events which
occurred during the previous hundred thousand kotis of nayutas of kalpas,
may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中天人，不识宿命，下至知百千亿那由他诸劫事者，不取正觉。(五)

(6) If, when I attain Buddhahood, humans and devas in my land should not
possess the divine eye of seeing even a hundred thousand kotis of nayutas of
Buddha-lands, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中天人，不得天眼，下至见百千亿那由他诸佛国者，不取正觉。(六)

(7) If, when I attain Buddhahood, humans and devas in my land should not
possess the divine ear of hearing [268a] the teachings of at least a hundred
thousand kotis of nayutas of Buddhas and should not remember all of them,
may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中天人，不得天耳，下至闻百千亿那由他诸佛所说，不悉受持者，不取正觉。(七)

(8) If, when I attain Buddhahood, humans and devas in my land should not
possess the faculty of knowing the thoughts of others, at least those of all
sentient beings living in a hundred thousand kotis of nayutas of
Buddha-lands, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中天人，不得见他心智，下至知百千亿那由他诸佛国中众生心念者，不取正觉。(八)

(9) If, when I attain Buddhahood, humans and devas in my land should not
possess the supernatural power of travelling anywhere in one instant, even
beyond a hundred thousand kotis of nayutas of Buddha-lands, may I not
attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中天人，不得神足，于一念顷，下至不能超过百千亿那由他诸佛国者，不取正觉。(九)

(10) If, when I attain Buddhahood, humans and devas in my land should give
rise to thoughts of self-attachment, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中天人，若起想念贪计身者，不取正觉。(十)

(11) If, when I attain Buddhahood, humans and devas in my land should not
dwell in the Definitely Assured State and unfailingly reach Nirvana, may I
not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中天人，不住定聚，必至灭度者，不取正觉。(十一)

(12) If, when I attain Buddhahood, my light should be limited, unable to
illuminate at least a hundred thousand kotis of nayutas of Buddha-lands,
may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，光明有限量，下至不照百千亿那由他诸佛国者，不取正觉。(十二)

(13) If, when I attain Buddhahood, my life-span should be limited, even to
the extent of a hundred thousand kotis of nayutas of kalpas, may I not attain
perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，寿命有限量，下至百千亿那由他劫者，不取正觉。(十三)

(14) If, when I attain Buddhahood, the number of the shravakas in my land
could be known, even if all the beings and pratyekabuddhas living in this
universe of a thousand million worlds should count them during a hundred
thousand kalpas, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中声闻，有能计量，乃至三千大千世界众生悉成缘觉，于百千劫悉共计校，知其数者，不取正觉。(十四)

(15) If, when I attain Buddhahood, humans and devas in my land should
have limited life-spans, except when they wish to shorten them in accordance
with their ogirinal vows, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中天人，寿命无能限量。除其本愿，修短自在。若不尔者，不取正觉。(十五)

(16) If, when I attain Buddhahood, humans and devas in my land should
even hear of any wrongdoing, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中天人，乃至闻有不善名者，不取正觉。(十六)

(17) If, when I attain Buddhahood, innumerable Buddhas in the land of the
ten quarters should not all praise and glorify my Name, may I not attain
perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，十方世界无量诸佛，不悉咨嗟称我名者，不取正觉。(十七)

(18) If, when I attain Buddhahood, sentient beings in the lands of the ten
quarters who sincerely and joyfully entrust themselves to me, desire to be
born in my land, and call my Name, even ten times, should not be born
there, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment. Excluded, however, are those
who commit the five gravest offences and abuse the right Dharma.
设我得佛，十方众生，至心信乐，欲生我国，乃至十念，若不生者，不取正觉。唯除五逆，诽谤正法。(十八)

(19) If, when I attain Buddhahood, sentient beings in the lands of the ten
quarters, who awaken aspiration for Enlightenment, do various meritorious
deeds [268b] and sincerely desire to be born in my land, should not, at their
death, see me appear before them surrounded by a multitude of sages, may I
not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，十方众生，发菩提心，修诸功德，至心发愿，欲生我国，临寿终时，假令不与大众围绕现其人前者，不取正觉。(十九)

(20) If, when I attain Buddhahood, sentient beings in the lands of the ten
quarters who, having heard my Name, concentrate their thoughts on my
land, pland roots of virtue, and sincerely transfer their merits towards my
land with a desire to be born there, should not eventually fulfill their
aspiration, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，十方众生，闻我名号，系念我国，植众德本，至心回向，欲生我国，不果遂者，不取正觉。(二十)

(21) If, when I attain Buddhahood, humans and devas in my land should not
all be endowed with the thirty-two physical characteristics of a Great Man,
may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中天人，不悉成满三十二大人相者，不取正觉。(二一)

(22) If, when I attain Buddhahood, bodhisattvas in the Buddha-lands of
other quarters who visit my land should not ultimately and unfailingly reach
the Stage of Becoming a Buddha after One More Life, may I not attain
perfect Enlightenment. Excepted are those who wish to teach and guide
sentient beings in accordance with their original vows. For they wear the
armour of great vows, accumulate merits, deliver all beings from
birth-and-death, visit Buddha-lands to perform the bodhisattva practices,
make offerings to Buddhas, Tathagatas, throughout the ten quarters,
enlighten uncountable sentient beings as numerous as the sands of the River
Ganges, and establish them in the highest, perfect Enlightenment. Such
bodhisattvas transcend the course of practice of the ordinary bodhisattvas,
manifest the practices of all the bodhisattva stages, and cultivate the virtues
of Samantabhadra.
设我得佛，他方佛土诸菩萨众，来生我国，究竟必至一生补处。除其本愿自在所化，为众生故，被弘誓铠，积累德本，度脱一切。游诸佛国，修菩萨行，供养十方诸佛如来。开化恒沙无量众生，使立无上正真之道，超出常伦诸地之行，现前修习普贤之德。若不尔者，不取正觉。(二二)

(23) If, when I attain Buddhahood, bodhisattvas in my land, in order to
make offerings to Buddhas through my transcendent power, should not be
able to reach immeasurable and innumerable kotis of nayutas of
Buddha-lands in as short a time as it takes to eat a meal, may I not attain
perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中菩萨，承佛神力，供养诸佛，一食之顷，不能遍至无数无量亿那由他诸佛国者，不取正觉。(二三)

(24) If, when I attain Buddhahood, bodhisattvas in my land should not be
able, as they wish, to perform meritorious acts of worshipping the Buddhas
with the offerings of their choice, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中菩萨，在诸佛前，现其德本，诸所求欲供养之具，若不如意者，不取正觉。(二四)

(25) If, when I attain Buddhahood, bodhisattvas in my land should not be
able to expound the Dharma with the all-knowing wisdom, may I not attain
perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中菩萨，不能演说一切智者，不取正觉。(二五)

(26) If, when I attain Buddhahood, there should be any bodhisattva in my
land not endowed with the body of the Vajra-god Narayana, may I not attain
perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中菩萨，不得金刚那罗延身者，不取正觉。(二六)

(27) If, when I attain Buddhahood, sentient beings should be able, even with
the divine eye, to distinguish by name alculate by number all the myriads of
manifestations provided for the humans and devas in my land, which are
glorious and resplendent and have exquisite details beyond description, may
I not attain perfect Enlightenmet.
设我得佛，国中天人，一切万物，严净光丽，形色殊特，穷微极妙，无能称量。其诸众生，乃至逮得天眼，有能明了，辨其名数者，不取正觉。(二七)

(28) If, when I attain Buddhahood, bodhisattvas in my land, even those with
little store of merit, should not be able to [268c] see the Bodhi-tree which has
countless colors and is four million li in height, may I not attain perfect
Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中菩萨，乃至少功德者，不能知见其道场树无量光色，高四百万里者，不取正觉。(二八)

(29) If, when I attain Buddhahood, bodhisattvas in my land should not
acquire eloquence and wisdom in upholding sutras and reciting and
expounding them, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中菩萨，若受读经法，讽诵持说，而不得辩才智慧者，不取正觉。(二九)

(30) If, when I attain Buddhahood, the wisdom and eloquence of
bodhisattvas in my land should be limited, may I not attain perfect
Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中菩萨，智慧辩才，若可限量者，不取正觉。(三十)

(31) If, when I attain Buddhahood, my land should not be resplendent,
revealing in its light all the immeasurable, innumerable and inconceivable
Buddha-lands, like images reflected in a clear mirror, may I not attain
perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国土清净，皆悉照见十方一切无量无数不可思议诸佛世界，犹如明镜，睹其面像。若不尔者，不取正觉。(三一)

(32) If, when I attain Buddhahood, all the myriads of manifestations in my
land, from the ground to the sky, such as palaces, pavilions, ponds, streams
and trees, should not be composed of both countless treasures, which surpass
in supreme excellence anything in the worlds of humans and devas, and of a
hundred thousand kinds of aromatic wood, whose fragrance pervades all the
worlds of the ten quarters, causing all bodhisattvas who sense it to perform
Buddhist practices, then may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，自地以上，至于虚空，宫殿、楼观、池流、华树，国土所有一切万物，皆以无量杂宝、百千种香而共合成。严饰奇妙，超诸天人。其香普薰十方世界。菩萨闻者，皆修佛行。若不如是，不取正觉。(三二)

(33) If, when I attain Buddhahood, sentient beings in the immeasurable and
inconceivable Buddha-lands of the ten quarters, who have been touched by
my light, should not feel peace and happiness in their bodies and minds
surpassing those of humans and devas, may I not attain perfect
Enlightenment.
设我得佛，十方无量不可思议诸佛世界众生之类，蒙我光明触其身者，身心柔软，超过天人。若不尔者，不取正觉。(三三)

(34) If, when I attain Buddhahood, sentient beings in the immeasurable and
inconceivable Buddha-lands of the ten quarters, who have heard my Name,
should not gain the bodhisattva's insight into the non-arising of all dharmas
and should not acquire various profound dharanis, may I not attain perfect
Enlightenment.
设我得佛，十方无量不可思议诸佛世界众生之类，闻我名字，不得菩萨无生法忍、诸深总持者，不取正觉。(三四)

(35) If, when I attain Buddhahood, women in the immeasurable and
inconceivable Buddha-lands of the ten quarters who, having heard my Name,
rejoice in faith, awaken aspiration for Enlightenment and wish to renounce
womanhood, should after death be reborn again as women, may I not attain
perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，十方无量不可思议诸佛世界，其有女人，闻我名字，欢喜信乐，发菩提心，厌恶女身。寿终之后，复为女像者，不取正觉。(三五)

(36) If, when I attain Buddhahood, bodhisattvas in the immeasurable and
inconceivable Buddha-lands of the ten quarters, who have heard my Name,
should not, after the end of their lives, always perform sacred practices until
they reach Buddhahood, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，十方无量不可思议诸佛世界诸菩萨众，闻我名字，寿终之后，常修梵行，至成佛道。若不尔者，不取正觉。(三六)

(37) If, when I attain Buddhahood, humans and devas in the immeasurable
and inconceivable Buddha-lands of the ten quarters, who having heard my
Name, prostrate themselves on the ground to revere and worship me, rejoice
[269a] in faith, and perform bodhisattva practices, should not be respected
by all devas and people of the world, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，十方无量不可思议诸佛世界诸天人民，闻我名字，五体投地，稽首作礼，欢喜信乐，修菩萨行，诸天世人，莫不致敬。若不尔者，不取正觉。(三七)

(38) If, when I attain Buddhahood, humans and devas in my land should not
obtain clothing, as soon as such a desire arises in their minds, and if the fine
robes as prescribed and praised by the Buddhas should not be spontaneously
provided for them to wear, and if these clothes should need sewing,
bleaching, dyeing or washing, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中天人，欲得衣服，随念即至，如佛所赞应法妙服，自然在身。有求裁缝、捣染、浣濯者，不取正觉。(三八)

(39) If, when I attain Buddhahood, humans and devas in my land should not
enjoy happiness and pleasure comparable to that of a monk who has
exhausted all the passions, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中天人，所受快乐，不如漏尽比丘者，不取正觉。(三九)

(40) If, when I attain Buddhahood, the bodhisattvas in my land who wish to
see the immeasurable glorious Buddha-lands of the ten quarters, should not
be able to view all of them reflected in the jewelled trees, just as one sees
one's face reflected in a clear mirror, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中菩萨，随意欲见十方无量严净佛土，应时如愿，于宝树中皆悉照见，犹如明镜，睹其面像。若不尔者，不取正觉。(四十)

(41) If, when I attain Buddhahood, bodhisattvas in the lands of the other
quarters who hear my Name should, at any time before becoming Buddhas,
have impaired, inferior or incomplete sense organs, may I not attain perfect
Enlightenment.
设我得佛，他方国土诸菩萨众，闻我名字，至于得佛，诸根缺陋不具足者，不取正觉。(四一)

(42) If, when I attain Buddhahood, bodhisattvas in the lands of the other
quarters who hear my Name should not all attain the samadhi called 'pure
emancipation' and, while dwelling therein, without losing concentration,
should not be able to make offerings in one instant to immeasurable and
inconceivable Buddhas, World-Honored Ones, may I not attain perfect
Enlightenment.
设我得佛，他方国土诸菩萨众，闻我名字，皆悉逮得清净解脱三昧。住是三昧，一发意顷，供养无量不可思议诸佛世尊，而不失定意。若不尔者，不取正觉。(四二)

(43) If, when I attain Buddhahood, bodhisattvas in the lands of the other
quarters who hear my Name should not be reborn into noble families after
their death, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，他方国土诸菩萨众，闻我名字，寿终之后，生尊贵家。若不尔者，不取正觉。(四三)

(44) If, when I attain Buddhahood, bodhisattvas in the lands of the other
quarters who hear my Name should not rejoice so greatly as to dance and
perform the bodhisattva practices and should not acquire stores of merit,
may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，他方国土诸菩萨众，闻我名字，欢喜踊跃，修菩萨行，具足德本。若不尔者，不取正觉。(四四)

(45) If, when I attain Buddhahood, bodhisattvas in the lands of the other
quarters who hear my Name should not all attain the samadhi called
'universal equality' and, while dwelling therein, should not always be able to
see all the immeasurable and inconceivable Tathagatas until those
bodhisattvas, too, become Buddhas, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，他方国土诸菩萨众，闻我名字，皆悉逮得普等三昧。住是三昧，至于成佛，常见无量不可思议一切诸佛。若不尔者，不取正觉。(四五)

(46) If, when I attain Buddhahood, bodhisattvas in my land should not be
able to hear spontaneously whatever teachings they may wish, [269b] may I
not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，国中菩萨，随其志愿所欲闻法，自然得闻。若不尔者，不取正觉。(四六)

(47) If, when I attain Buddhahood, bodhisattvas in the lands of the other
quarters who hear my Name should not instantly reach the Stage of
Non-retrogression, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment.
设我得佛，他方国土诸菩萨众，闻我名字，不即得至不退转者，不取正觉。(四七)

(48) If, when I attain Buddhahood, bodhisattvas in the lands of the other
quarters who hear my Name should not instantly gain the first, second and
third insights into the nature of dharmas and firmly abide in the truths
realized by all the Buddhas, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment."
设我得佛，他方国土诸菩萨众，闻我名字，不即得至第一忍，第二、第三法忍，于诸佛法不能即得不退转者，不取正觉。(四八)