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title: 23 -TheElephant(Dh.320-333) 二十三、象品
description: "〈320 322〉 320如象在戰陣，堪忍弓箭射，我忍謗亦爾。世多破戒者。 321調御象可赴集會，調御象可為王乘。若能堪忍于謗言，人中最勝調御者。 322調御之騾為優良，信度駿馬為優良2，"
---

23 -TheElephant(Dh.320-333)

320. As an elephant in the battlefield withstands arrows shot from bows all around, even so shall I endure abuse. There are many, indeed, who lack virtue. 321. A tamed elephant is led into a crowd, and the king mounts a tamed elephant. Best among men is the subdued one who endures abuse. 322. Excellent are well-trained mules, thoroughbred Sindhu horses and noble tusker elephants. But better still is the man who has subdued himself.

323. Not by these mounts, however, would one go to the Untrodden Land (Nibbana), as one who is self-tamed goes by his owntamed and well-controlled mind. uphold︰v.維持，高舉。 tusker︰n.有長牙的象。

〈二十三、象品〉

〈320~ 322〉 320如象在戰陣，堪忍弓箭射，我忍謗亦爾。世多破戒者。 321調御象可赴集會，調御象可為王乘。若能堪忍于謗言，人中最勝調御者。 322調御之騾為優良，信度駿馬為優良2，

2信度駿馬為優良︰在信度河(Sindhu辛頭河﹑印度河)地方出產好馬。 DhA：S SSSSi iiiin nnnnd ddddh hhhhav avavavavａ aaaati sindhavaratthejatａ assa.(諸辛頭馬：已被生在辛頭國的諸

憍羅1大象亦優良，自調御者更優良。2

323實非彼等車乘，得達難到境地3，若人善自調御， 由于調御得達。

324. Musty during rut, the tusker named Dhanapalaka is uncontrollable. Held in captivity, the tusker does not touch a morsel, but only longingly calls to mind theelephant forest. 325. When a man is sluggish and gluttonous, sleeping and rolling around in bed like a fat domestic pig—that sluggard undergoes rebirthagain and again. 326.Formerly this mind wandered about as it liked, where it wished, according to its pleasure, but now I shall thoroughly master it with wisdom, as a mahout controls with his ankus an elephant in rut.

327. Delight in heedfulness! Guard well your thoughts! Draw yourself out of this bog of evil, even as an elephant draws himself out ofthe mud. 328. If for company you find a wise and prudent friend who leads 馬。 )

1 憍羅(Kunjara)︰一頭象之名。

2摩醯提利 (Magandiya)是優填王的三個后妃之一，當她知道佛陀來到憍賞 彌之後，派惡徒加以毀謗，阿難尊者建議佛陀到別的地方去，佛陀說到 別的地方也可能受人毀謗。

3 難到境地：agataｍ disam，指涅槃。

a good life, you should, overcoming all impediments, and keep his company joyously and mindfully.

329. If for company you cannot find a wise and prudent friend who leads a good life, then, like a king who leaves behind a conquered kingdom, or a lone elephant in the elephant forest, you should go your own wayalone. 330. Better it is to live alone, there is no fellowship with a fool. Live alone and do no evil; be carefree like an elephant in the elephant forest. gluttonous︰a.貪吃的，饕餮的。 mahout︰n.象夫，管象的人。

324如象名 『財護 』，泌液 1暴難制，系縛 .不入食，惟念于象林。 2

325樂睡又貪食，轉側唯長眠，如豬食無厭，愚者數入胎3。

4

1泌液︰katukapabhedano，分泌強烈的 (體味 )。象在發欲期，分泌體味 (臭味 )。

2舍衛城中，有一位年老的婆羅門，他有八十萬財富，他分四十萬給四個 結婚的兒子。後來，他的夫人去世了，他的兒子們勸他，把剩下的一半 財產也全部分給他們，此後這老人分文不值。因為兒子媳婦不孝，老人 從此流落街頭，拿著一缽一杖，前去找佛陀，佛陀就教他在大型聚會時， 朗誦偈語 (S.7.14./I,176.)︰「我生子歡喜，我望子成就；他們與妻謀，趕 我如趕豬；孽子看我衰，叫我爸 .阿爸；子如夜叉形，舍棄我而去；如無 用老馬，食物被拿走；長老乃子父，他家行乞食；若比不孝子，我的拐 杖好；可趕走凶牛，也可趕凶狗；暗中作前導，涉深水作基；依拐杖威 力，跌倒又爬起。」佛陀說，人若妥善照顧父母，可以得到功德。佛陀 也講大象財護照顧父母的故事，財護被捕後，天天思念森林里的父母。

3數入胎：指生死輪迴。貪睡又貪食則更趨向于三惡道 (畜生、餓鬼、地獄)。

4這是憍薩羅國波斯匿王食量過多的故事。故事與第 204偈同。

120

326我此過去心──任意隨所欲，隨愛好游行。我今悉調伏， 如象師持，制御泌液象。

327當樂不放逸，善護于自心。自救出難處，如象出泥坑。1

〈328~ 330〉 328若得同行伴──善行富智慮，能服諸艱困，欣然共彼行。 329若無同行伴──善行富智慮，應如王棄國，如象獨行林。 330寧一人獨行，不與愚為友。獨行離欲惡，如象獨游林。2

331. Good are friends when need arises; good is contentment with just what one has; good is merit when life is at an end, and goodis the abandoning ofall suffering (through Arahatship).

332. In this world, good it is to serve his mother, good it is to serve his father, good it is to serve the monks, and good it is to serve the holy men.

333. Good is virtue until life』s end; good is faith that is steadfast; good is the acquisition ofwisdom; and good is theavoidance of evil.

〈331~ 333〉 331應時得友樂，適時滿足樂，命終善業樂，離一切苦樂。 332世中敬母樂，敬父親亦樂。世敬沙門樂，敬聖人1亦樂。 333至老持戒樂，正信成就樂，獲得智慧樂，不作諸惡樂。2

1憍薩羅國王的一頭大象波梨耶 (Paveyyaka)老了的時候，某次陷入泥沼， 國王找馴象師來幫忙，馴象師要人奏戰鼓，波梨耶聞聲大振，脫離困境。

2憍賞彌比丘，因判定有罪、無罪意見不同而起諍論。故事與第 6偈同。