--- title: 10 -Violence (Dh.129-145) 十、刀杖品 description: "inoffensive︰a.無害的。 wicked︰ a.邪惡的。 cleft︰n.裂縫。 tremble︰n. v.發抖,震顫。" --- 10 -Violence (Dh.129-145) 129. All tremble at violence; all fear death. Putting oneself in the place ofanother, one should notkill nor cause another to kill. inoffensive︰a.無害的。 wicked︰ a.邪惡的。 cleft︰n.裂縫。 tremble︰n. v.發抖,震顫。 〈十、刀杖品〉 129一切懼刀杖 1,一切皆畏死,以自度2他情,莫殺教他殺。 3 1刀杖:danda,亦作刑罰。 2度ㄉㄨㄛˋ:測量。原文為: upamam(譬喻)。 3在竹林精舍, 17位(為一群的 )比丘正在清掃住處,準備住下,剛來的較年長的六位比丘也想住下,但被 17位比丘拒絕,因此被六比丘打到大哭。 130. All tremble at violence; life is dear to all. Putting oneself in the place ofanother, oneshould not kill nor cause another tokill. 131. One who, while himself seeking happiness, oppresses with violence other beings who also desire happiness, will not attain happiness hereafter. 132. One who, while himself seeking happiness, does not oppress with violence other beings who also desire happiness, will find happiness hereafter. 133. Speak not harshly to anyone, for those thus spoken to might retort. Indeed, angry speech hurts, and retaliation may overtake you. 134. If, like a broken gong, you silence yourself, you have approached Nibbana, for vindictiveness is no more in you. 135.Just as a cowherd drives the cattle to pasture with a staff, so do old age and death drive the life force of beings (from existence toexistence). hereafter︰adv.此後。 harshly︰粗糙地。 retaliation︰n.報復。 vindictiveness︰n.惡毒。 130一切懼刀杖,一切皆愛生,以自度他情,莫殺教他殺。1 〈131~ 132〉 131于求樂有情,刀杖加惱害,但求自己樂,後世樂難得。 132于求樂有情,不加刀杖害,欲求自己樂,後世樂可得。2 1在竹林精舍, 17位(為一群的 )比丘正在清掃住處,準備住下,剛來較年長的 六位比丘也想住下,雙方有沖突,六位比丘舉手作示威狀,佛陀制定比丘 不可以舉手作示威狀。129-130偈的因緣記錄在《律藏》 Vin.Paci.IV,146~7. BhikkhuPaci.74.(=BhikkhuniP 152);BhikkhuPaci.75.(=BhikkhuniP153) 2有一次,佛陀到舍衛城托缽途中,遇見幾位年輕人用棍子打鼠蛇 〈133~ 134〉 133對人莫說粗惡語,汝所說者還說汝。憤怒之言實堪痛; 互擊刀杖可傷汝。 134汝若自默然,如一破銅鑼,已得涅槃路;于汝無諍故。1 135如牧人以杖,驅牛至牧場,如是老與死,驅逐眾生命。2 136. When fools commit evil deeds, he does not realize (their evil nature). The witless man is tormented by his own deeds, like one burnt by fire. 137. He who inflict violence on those who are unarmed, and offends those who are inoffensive, will soon come upon one of these ten states: 138-140. (1)Sharp pain, or disaster, (2)bodily injury, (3)serious (4)or illness, derangement of mind, (5)trouble from the (gharasappajatika;Ptyas)。佛陀問︰「你們在做什么?」他們說︰「我們在 打蛇。」佛陀問︰「為什么?」他們說︰「大德!我們怕被蛇咬。」「你 們自己想要幸福,但是這種打殺的行為,無論投生到何處,你們都不會得 到幸福;如果自己熱望幸福,就不應該打殺別人。」佛陀接著說出此偈。 1君達達那長老 (Kondadhanatthera)出家以來,身旁總是跟著一個女子幻像, 但他自己卻看不見。佛陀跟他:「過去世時,你是個天神,當時,你卻 喬裝成為女子,故意作弄兩位要好的比丘,跟隨其中的一位,造成他們 的誤會。犯下這惡業,今生才會有女子的幻像的果報。」 2佛陀對毘舍佉及參加布薩的女人說:「毘舍佉!有情一旦出生,等于手 中有杖者、牧牛者 (等,身份 ),接近生、老,接近老、病,接近病、死, (最 後)死亡的召喚,如斧斬,斬命;雖然這樣人們仍然留戀輪回,渴望輪迴。」 government, (6)or grave charges, (7)loss of relatives, (8)or loss of wealth, (9)or houses destroyed by a ravaging fire, (10)and upon dissolution ofthe bodythose ignorant man is bornin hell. 141. Neither going about naked, nor matted locks, nor filth, nor fasting, nor lying on the ground, nor smearing oneself with ashes and dust, nor sitting on the heels (in penance) can purify a mortalwho has not overcome doubt. 142. Even though he be well-attired, yet if he is poised, calm, controlled and established in the holy life, having set aside violence towards all beings --one, truly, is a holy man, a renunciate, a monk. ravage︰n.v.毀滅。 renunciate︰n.棄世者。 136愚夫造作諸惡業,卻不自知有果報,癡人以自業感苦, 宛如以火而自燒。1 〈137~ 140〉 137若以刀杖害,無惡無害者,十事中一種,彼將迅速得。 138(1)極苦痛失財, (2)身體被損害, (3)或重病所逼, (4)或失心狂亂。 139(5)或為王迫害, (6)或被誣重罪, (7)或眷屬離散, (8)或破滅財產。 1大目犍連尊者與勒叉那尊者下山時,大目犍連尊者見到一只人面蛇身的 餓鬼,大目犍連尊者微笑。這餓鬼在迦葉佛時為殘酷的小偷,他多次放 火燒毀迦葉佛的精舍。 140(9)或彼之房屋,為劫火焚燒。(10)痴者身亡後,復墮于地獄。1 141非裸行結髮,非涂泥絕食,臥地自塵身,非以蹲踞住2,不 斷疑惑者,能令得清淨。3 142嚴身住寂靜,調御而克制,必然修梵行,不以刀杖等, 加害諸有情,彼即婆羅門,彼即是沙門,彼即是比庫4。 143. Only rarely is there a man in this world who, restrained by modesty, avoids reproach, as a thoroughbred horse avoids the whip. 144. Like a thoroughbred horse touched by the whip, be strenuous, be filled with spiritual yearning. By faith and moral purity, by effort and meditation, by investigation of the truth, by being rich in knowledge and virtue, and by being mindful, destroy this unlimited suffering. 1 137-140偈為大目犍連尊者為人所害的故事。他已被打殺,未般涅槃前 還運用神通出現在佛陀的面前,向佛陀告別。他被殺是因為他過去世曾 曾受妻子的慫恿而有殺瞎眼父母之舉,因有未遂之業,此生還在償舊業。 2蹲踞住:ukkutika,兩腳前後參差的蹲跪。古譯作「右膝著地」、「胡跪」。 DhA.︰ U UUUUk kkkkk kkkku uuuuY tttti iiiik kkkkap apapapapp ppppad adadadadh hhhha aaaan nnnnan ananananti ukkutikabhavenaaraddhaviriyam.(努力蹲 踞︰發勤精進地在在蹲踞。) 3從前在舍衛城中有一位富翁巴富斑迪卡(Bahubhandika),他的太太去世 後,他決定出家,出家前他先蓋精舍,出家後儲存食物,請僕人煮飯, 養尊處優。當佛陀告誡他,他卻發脾氣,就把袈裟脫掉。佛陀又告誡他 這樣做就失去慚愧心,他明白自己錯了,並且請求原諒。 4婆羅門、沙門、比丘都是指阿拉漢。本偈說山達迪大臣(Santatimahamatta) 聽完佛陀說法後,就證得阿拉漢果。但不久就入滅了。當時他還穿著在 家人的衣服。諸比丘問佛陀:「他究竟是比丘呢?還是婆羅門?」「他 既可稱之為比丘,也可以稱為婆羅門。」 145. Irrigators regulate the waters; fletchers straighten arrow shafts; carpenters shape wood; and thegood controlthemselves. 〈143~ 144〉 143以慚自禁者,世間所罕有,彼善避羞辱,如良馬避鞭。 144如良馬加鞭,當奮勉懺悔。以信.戒.精進,以及三摩地, 善分別正法,以及明行足1,汝當念勿忘,消滅無窮苦。 1明行足:sampannavijjacarana。明: vijja,智慧;行: carana,德行(戒律 )。 具足智慧與德行。 2阿難尊者見到卑盧帝沙 (Pilotikatissa)舊衣服乞討食物,就問他是否願意出 家。他馬上答應了,他就把舊衣服放在一棵樹下,就去出家。出家後,他 對比丘的生活不滿,想還俗。每次生起這種念頭的時候,他就到那棵樹下 去,並且譴責自己:「不知羞恥!你還想還俗,穿舊衣,拿這盤子去過乞 145灌溉者引水,箭匠之矯箭,木匠之繩木,善行者自御。