---
title: 三種痛苦 The Three Woes
description: "The palace which the king had given to the princewas resplendent with all the luxuries of India;for the king was anxious"
---

The Three Woes

6．三種痛苦

The palace which the king had given to the prince
was resplendent with all the luxuries of India;
for the king was anxious to see his son happy. [1]

國王急切地想看到兒子幸福，他給太子建造了金碧輝煌的宮殿，里面有印度所有的奢華之物。 1
All sorrowful sights, all misery,
and all knowledge of misery were kept away from Siddhattha,
for the king desired that no troubles should come nigh him;
he should not know that there was evil in the world. [2]

所有悲傷之事，所有痛苦，所有關于痛苦的知識都與悉達多隔離開來，因為國王希望一切煩惱都不要靠近他，他不應知曉世間有罪惡存在。 2

But as the chained elephant longs for the wilds of the jungles,
so the prince was eager to see the world,
and he asked his father, the king,
for permission to do so. [3]

但是就像被鐵鏈拴住的大象渴望叢林的自由一樣，太子希望看到世間之事，他懇求父王允許他完成自己的心願。 3

And Suddhodana ordered a jewel-fronted chariot with four stately horses to be held ready,
and commanded the roads to be adorned where his son would pass. [4]

于是淨飯王命令屬下給太子準備一輛車，車上鑲滿珠寶，由四匹駿馬駕馭，太子所經之路也裝飾一新。 4

The houses of the city were decorated with curtains and banners,
and spectators arranged themselves on either side,
eagerly gazing at the heir to the throne.
Thus Siddhattha rode with Channa, his charioteer,
through the streets of the city,
and into a country watered by rivulets and covered with pleasant trees. [5]

城里的房屋被窗簾和旗幟打扮起來，人們列隊站在路兩旁，熱切地注視著王位繼承人。悉達多和他的車夫車匿駕車穿過城市街道，來到一個小溪環繞、綠樹成蔭的鄉村。 5

There by the wayside they met an old man with bent frame,
wrinkled face and sorrowful brow, and the prince asked the charioteer:
"Who is this?
His head is white,
his eyes are bleared,
and his body is withered.
He can barely support himself on his staff." [6]

在路旁，他們碰到了一個老人，他腰彎背駝，滿臉褶皺，眉目愁苦。王子問車夫：「這是誰啊？他頭髮花白，眼睛昏沉，身體萎縮。他的拐杖快要支撐不住他自己了。」 6

The charioteer, much embarrassed, hardly dared speak the truth.
He said: "These are the symptoms of old age.
This same man was once a suckling child,
and as a youth full of sportive life;
but now, as years have passed away,
his beauty is gone and the strength of his life is wasted." [7]

車夫異常尷尬，幾乎不敢說出真相。他說：「這些是老年人的特徵。同樣一個人，他曾是吃奶的孩子，充滿活力的年輕人，但是年華逝去，現在他的美貌沒有了，他的生命也衰弱了。」 7

Siddhattha was greatly affected by the words of the charioteer,
and he sighed because of the pain of old age.
"What joy or pleasure can men take," he thought to himself,
"when they know they must soon wither and pine away!" [8]

悉達多被車夫的話深深震撼了，他陷入深思，為老年的痛苦而嘆氣：「當人們知道他們必將很快衰老至死，還能享受什麼歡樂或愉悅呢？」 8

And lo! while they were passing on,
a sick man appeared on the way-side, gasping for breath,
his body disfigured, convulsed and groaning with pain. [9]

看吧！當人們年老時，身體病弱，蜷縮路邊，氣喘吁吁，身軀佝僂，因身體疼痛不斷呻吟。 9

The prince asked his charioteer:
"What kind of man is this?"
And the charioteer replied and said: "This man is sick.
The four elements of his body are confused and out of order.
We are all subject to such conditions:
the poor and the rich, the ignorant and the wise,
all creatures that have bodies, are liable to the same calamity." [10]

太子問車夫：「這是哪種人？」車夫回答：「這是病人。他體內的四種因素混亂無序。我們所有人都會遭遇這種情況，無論窮人還是富人、愚者還是智者，凡有身體的人都要承受相同的苦難。」 10

And Siddhattha was still more moved.
All pleasures appeared stale to him,
and he loathed the joys of life. [11]

悉達多仍然沉溺在傷感之中。所有的愉快之事對他而言索然無味，生命的歡樂在他看來也了無意義。 11

The charioteer sped the horses on to escape the dreary sight,
when suddenly they were stopped in their fiery course. [12]

車夫策馬離開這淒苦之地，正當他們快速行駛時，突然停了下來。 12

Four persons passed by, carrying a corpse;
and the prince, shuddering at the sight of a lifeless body,
asked the charioteer: "What is this they carry?
There are streamers and flower garlands;
but the men that follow are overwhelmed with grief!" [13]

四個人扛著一具尸體走過來。太子看到這個無生命的軀體，渾身震顫，他問車夫：「他們扛的是什麼？這里有彩旗和花環，但是後面跟著的人都被悲傷壓垮了！」 13

The charioteer replied:
"This is a dead man:
his body is stark;
his life is gone;
his thoughts are still;
his family and the friends who loved him
now carry the corpse to the grave." [14]

車夫回答說：「這是一個死人：他的身體僵硬了；他的生命逝去了；他的思維靜止了；愛他的家人和朋友現在正扛著他的尸體走向墓園。」 14

And the prince was full of awe and terror:
"Is this the only dead man," he asked,
"or does the world contain other instances?" [15]

太子心中充滿了敬畏和恐懼，他問：「只有一個死人，或者說世上還有其他的例子？」 15

With a heavy heart the charioteer replied:
"All over the world it is the same.
He who begins life must end it.
There is no escape from death." [16]

車夫心情沉重，他回答道：「全世界都是如此。生命一經開始必將結束。無人能夠逃離死亡。」 16

With bated breath and stammering accents the prince exclaimed:
"O worldly men! How fatal is your delusion!
Inevitable your body will crumble to dust,
yet carelessly, unheedingly, ye live on." [17]

太子呼吸沉重，聲音哽咽，他嘆道：「塵世的人啊！你們的妄念多麼致命！你們的身體必要歸于塵土，然而你們繼續生活，對此毫無意識，漠不關心。」 17

The charioteer observing the deep impression
these sad sights had made on the prince,
turned his horses and drove back to the city. [18]

車夫看到這些悲傷的情景給太子留下了深刻印象，便掉轉車頭，向城里駛去。 18

When they passes by the palaces of the nobility,
Kisa Gotami, a young princess and niece of the king,
saw Siddhattha in his manliness and beauty, and,
observing the thoughtfulness of his countenance, said:
"Happy the father that begot thee,
happy the mother that nursed thee,
happy the wife that calls husband this lord so glorious." [19]

當他們經過王族的宮殿時，國王的姪女、小公主肯賽高特米看到了悉達多的瀟灑風度和英俊形象，又察覺了他若有所思的表情，說道：「生你的父親是幸福的，養你的母親是幸福的，稱丈夫為榮耀之主的妻子是幸福的。」 19

The prince hearing this greeting, said:
"Happy are they that have found deliverance.
Longing for peace of mind,
I shall seek the bliss of Nirvana." [20]

太子聽了這些祝賀之辭，說道：「找到解脫之道的人是幸福的。我渴望心靈的平靜，我將尋求涅槃境界的至上快樂。」 20

Then asked Kisa Gotami: "How is Nirvana attained?"
The prince paused,
and to him whose mind was estranged from wrong the answer came:
"When the fire of lust is gone out, then Nirvana is gained;
when the fires of hatred and delusion are gone out, then Nirvana is gained;
when the troubles of mind, arising from blind credulity,
and all other evils have ceased, then Nirvana is gained!"
Siddhattha handed her his precious pearl necklace
as a reward for the instruction she had given him,
and having returned home looked with disdain
upon the treasures of his palace. [21]

接著太子停下來，問肯賽高特米：「怎樣才能達到涅槃境界？」對他來說，她的心靈遠離謬見。肯賽高特米回答道：「當欲望之火熄滅時，就能進入涅槃；當仇恨和妄念之火熄滅時，就能進入涅槃；當心靈的困境從盲目輕信中產生，所有其他的罪惡都止息時，就能進入涅槃了！」悉達多將自己心愛的珍珠項鏈送給她，作為她解釋問題的獎賞。接著他回到家中，以鄙視的眼神看著他宮中的財富。 21

His wife welcomed him and entreated him to tell her the cause of his grief.
He said: "I see everywhere the impression of change;
therefore, my heart is heavy.
Men grow old, sicken, and die.
That is enough to take away the zest of life." [22]

他的妻子歡迎他回家，並懇求他告訴她悲傷的原因。他說：「我看到了各處的情形都變了，所以我的心情沉重。人變老了，生病並死亡。這足以帶走人們對生命的熱情。」 22

The king, his father, hearing that the prince had become estranged from pleasure,
was greatly overcome with sorrow and like a sword it pierced his heart. [23]

他的父王聽說太子變得郁郁寡歡之後，心中如同被利劍刺中一般，十分悲痛。 23