8 -TheThousands (Dh.100-115) 八、千品
8 -TheThousands (Dh.100-115)
- Better than a thousand useless words is one useful word, hearing which one attains peace. 101. Better than a thousand useless verses is one useful verse, hearing which one attains peace. 102. Better than reciting a hundred meaningless verses is the reciting of one verse of Dhamma, hearing which one attains peace. 103. Though one may conquer a thousand times a thousand people in battle, yet he indeed is the noblest victor who conquers himself. 104-105. Self-conquest is far better than the conquest of others.
〈八、千品〉
100雖誦一千言,若無義理者,不如一義語,聞已得寂靜。2
101雖誦千句偈,若無義理者,不如一句偈,聞已得寂靜。
〈102~ 103〉 102彼誦百句偈,若無義理者,不如一法句,聞已得寂靜。 103彼於戰場上,雖勝百萬人;未若克己者,戰士之最上!3
〈104~ 105〉
1 Brahma: a high divinity in ancient Indian religion.(梵天︰在古印度的高級 的天神。 )
2國家的劊子手坦巴達卡 (Tambadathikacoraghataka)殺過 499人,做滿五十 五年後退休,退休後,有一個機會供養舍利弗尊者,聽法後,回家路上 意外喪生,死後往生兜率天。聞法一次而正確的理解,就可能產生很大 的利益。
3《增壹阿含 31.11經》(T2.673.2):「雖誦千言,不義何益,不如一義, 聞可得道。」《增壹阿含 31.11經》(T2.673.2):「千千為敵,一夫勝之, 未若自勝,已忍者上。」
104能剋制自己,過於勝他人。若有克己者,常行自節制。 105天神 .乾闥婆 1,魔王並梵天,皆遭於敗北,不能勝彼人。 2
- Though month after month for a hundred years one should offer sacrifices by the thousands, yet if only for a moment one should worship those of perfected minds that honour is indeed better than a centuryofsacrifice. 107. Though for a hundred years one should tend the sacrificial fire in the forest, yet if only for a moment one should worship those of perfected minds that worship is indeed better than a centuryof sacrifice. 108. Whatever gifts and oblations one seeking merit might offer in this world for a whole year, all that is not worthone fourthof the merit gained by revering the Upright Ones, which is truly excellent. 109. To one ever eager to revere and serve the elders, these four blessings accrue:long life and beauty, happiness and power. 1乾闥婆:gandhabha(梵 gandharva),天界的一種樂神,他以香氣資養身體。
2一位婆羅門跟佛陀說:「尊者!我認為你只知有法益的修行,對無益的 事一無所知。」佛陀說︰「我也瞭解無益且有害的事。」佛陀就列舉六 種會消耗財產的行為: (1)日出之後睡覺。 (2)懶惰成性。 (3)殘暴。(4)耽 溺飲酒。 (5)在惹人懷疑的時間內逛街。 (6)淫他人之妻。佛陀接著問這婆 羅門如何維生,婆羅門回答說以賭博維生。佛陀說:「在賭博中獲勝, 無法與克服煩惱的成就相比。」
- Better it is to live one day virtuous and meditative than to live a hundred years immoral and uncontrolled. 111. Better it is to live one day wise and meditative than to live a hundred years foolish and uncontrolled. oblation︰n.奉獻物。 accrue︰v.孳生,增加。sluggish︰a.懶散的。 dissipated︰a.放蕩的。
106月月投千金──供犧牲百年,不如須臾間, 供養修己者,彼如是供養,勝祭祀百年。1
107若人一百年──事火於林中,不如須臾間,供養修己者, 彼如是供養,勝祭祀百年。2
108若人於世間,施捨或供養3,求福一週年,如是諸功德, 不及四分一,禮敬正直者。
1舍利弗尊者一位叔叔每月都供養裸行者,期望往生梵天,但是方法錯誤, 舍利弗尊者帶他去見佛陀。佛陀就開導他,教正確生梵天的方法。 2舍利弗尊者一位侄子每月都火祭一隻羊,期望往生梵天,但是方法錯誤,
舍利弗尊者帶他去見佛陀。佛陀就開導他,教正確生梵天的方法。
3施捨:yittham。Spk:S.24.5.:Y YYYYi iiiiY ttttY tttth hhhha aaaam mmmmvuccati mahayago.(上供品︰被稱為 「大牲醴」)。DhA(v.108):Y YYYYi iiiiY ttttY tttth hhhhan ananananti yebhuyyena mavgalakiriyadivasesu dinnadanam.(上供品:一般而言,在慶典等場合,以豐盛的施物祭祀。)。 供養:hutam。供給過客的佈施。DhA(v.108):H HHHHu uuuut ttttan ananananti abhisavkharitvakatam pahunadanabceva, kammabca phalabca saddahitvakatadanabca.(獻供品:已 周全安排好贈與款待賓客的食物後,信業及果後,並且作了施與。)
109好樂敬禮者,常尊於長老,四法得增長:壽.美.樂與力。
110若人壽百歲──破戒.無三昧2,不如生一日 ──持戒 .修禪定。3
111若人壽百歲──無慧 .無三昧,不如生一日 ──具慧 .修禪定。
- Better it is to live one day strenuous and resolute than to live a hundred years sluggish and dissipated. 113. Better it is to live one day seeing the rise and fall of things than to live a hundred years without ever seeing the rise and fall ofthings. 114. Better it is to live one day seeing the Deathless than to live a hundred years without ever seeing theDeathless. 115. Better it is to live one day seeing the Supreme Truth than to live a hundred years without ever seeing theSupreme Truth. 1 Abhivadanasilissa niccam vuddhapacayino cattaro dhamma vaddhanti:ayu, vanno, sukham, balam.南傳比丘受人禮拜時,常唸誦的法句。法句中壽 . 美.樂.力,指長壽、莊嚴、安樂、力量。
2破戒.無三昧:dussiloasamahito,無道德,無禪定。 3本則故事說僧揭笈沙馬內拉 (Samkiccasamanera)修慈心不為刀傷。
112若人壽百歲──怠惰.不精進,不如生一日 ──勵力行精進。
113若人壽百歲──不見生滅法,不如生一日 ──得見生滅法1。2
114若人壽百歲──不見不死道3,不如生一日 ──得見不死道。4
1生滅法:udayabbayam,在修觀禪時,見到色法(物質—地.水.火.風的現 象)或名法(受、想、行、識)的生滅、無常。「一日」(Ekaham= eka一 + aha 天)在此作「一時」解釋。
2波羅遮那(Patacara)死了丈夫、兩個兒子、父母、和唯一的哥哥。佛陀安 撫她,為她說〈無始相應〉(說輪迴無盡)。本則偈頌故事同 288-289偈。 不死道: DhA: am amamamamat atatatata aaaam mmmmp ppppad adadadadan ananananti maranavirahitakotthasam, amatamahanibbanantiattho.(不死道:死亡空空如也,不死的大涅槃之義。) 4吉離舍瞿曇彌(Kisagotami)因子夭折,抱著兒子的屍體到處求醫,有人請 她去見佛陀,佛陀說,要她先去向某戶從未死親人的人家,要到一些芥 子,她到處去問,問不到,才慢慢醒過來。她回來見佛,佛陀開示︰「妳
115若人壽百歲──不見最上法,不如生一日 ──得見最上法1。
1 最上法:指九出世間法,即:四道、四果及涅槃。