6-TheWiseMan (Dh.76-89) 六、智者品

6-TheWiseMan (Dh.76-89)

76. Should one find a man who points out faults and who reproves, let him follow such a wise and sagacious person as one would a guide to hidden treasure. It is always better, and never worse, tocultivate such an association. 77. Let him admonish, instruct and shield one from wrong; he, indeed, is dear tothe goodand detestable tothe evil. 78. Do not associate with evil companions; do not seek the fellowship of the vile. Associate with good friends; seek the fellowship ofnoble men. 79. He who drinks deep the Dhamma lives happily with a tranquil mind. The wise man ever delights in the Dhamma made known by the Noble One (theBuddha). 80. Irrigators regulate the waters; fletchers straighten the arrow shaft; carpentersshape thewood; the wise controlthemselves. 遠離： DhA： k kkkkａ aaaayav yavyavyavyavi iiiiv vvvve eeeek kkkko ooooti kayassa ekibhavo. C CCCCi iiiit ttttt ttttav avavavavi iiiiv vvvve eeeek kkkko ooooti attha samapattiyo. U UUUUp ppppad adadadadh hhhhi iiiiv vvvvi iiiiv vvvve eeeek kkkko ooooti nibbanam. (身的遠離：身的成為孤獨。 心的遠離：八等至(八定)。存留的遠離：涅槃。)

77. Just as a solid rock is not shaken by the storm, even so the wise are notaffected by praise or blame. reprove︰v.責備，指責。 sagacious︰a.睿智的。 admonish︰v.訓誡。 detestable︰討厭的。Irrigator︰灌溉者。

〈六、智者品〉

76若見彼智者──能指示過失，並能譴責者，當與彼為友； 猶如知識者，能指示寶藏。與彼智人友，定善而無惡。1

77訓誡與教示，阻他人過惡。善人愛此人，但為惡人憎2。

78莫與惡友交，莫友卑鄙者。應與善友交，應友高尚士3。

79得飲法水者，心清而安樂4。智者常喜悅，聖者所說法。5

1一位老婆羅門羅陀(Radha)出家後，很守規矩，很快就證得阿拉漢果。

2善人敬愛能訓誡與教示的人，惡人則憎惡此人。比丘阿溼具、富那婆修 (Assaji-Punabbasukabhikkhu)及弟子住在迦羅賴精舍(Kitagiri)時，為了私 利，種果樹，也犯一些小戒，使精舍吵鬧不停，妨礙其他比丘的修持。 佛陀派遣舍利弗、目犍連尊者去做勸告。

3高尚士：purisuttama，最勝人、上人、聖人。本偈為世尊勸導車匿長老 的話。車匿長老是傲慢的釋迦族人，他在世尊滅度後才證到阿拉漢果。

4安樂：臥樂。DhA：S SSSSu uuuuk kkkkh hhhha aaaaｍ mmmms sssse eeeet ttttN iiiitidesanamattamevetam, catuhipi iriyapathehi sukhaｍ viharatiti attho.(臥樂：這是已沈浸在教說，他以四威儀(行住坐臥) 的狀態住樂之義。)

5摩訶劫賓那(Mahakappinatthera)曾當國王，第一次聞佛說法，就證得阿羅 漢果，出家為比丘。之後，不分晝夜，常自言自語︰“ahosukhaｍ aho sukhan”ti (快樂得不得了！快樂得不得了！)諸比丘誤以為他想起以前當 王的快樂時光，而向佛陀報告，佛陀說出此偈。

80灌溉者引水，箭匠之矯箭，木匠之繩木，智者自調御。 1

81猶如堅固巖，不為風所搖，毀謗與讚譽，智者不為動。

82. On hearing the Teachings, the wise become perfectly purified, like a lake deep, clear and still. 83. The good renounce (attachment for) everything; the virtuous do not prattle with a yearning for pleasures. The wise show no elation or depression when touched by happiness or sorrow. 84. He is indeed virtuous, wise and righteous, who neither for their own sake nor for the sake of another (does any wrong), who does not crave for sons, wealth or kingdom, and does not desire success by unjust means. 85. Few among men are those who cross to the farther shore. The rest, the bulk ofmen, only runup and down the hither bank. 86. But those who act according to the perfectly taught Dhamma will cross the realm ofDeath, so difficult tocross. 87-88. Abandoning the dark way, let the wise man cultivate the bright path. Having gone from home to homelessness, let him

1此偈為班迪達沙馬內拉 (Panditasamanera)的故事，他思惟︰如果無心的水 可以任人引至任何地方；無心且彎曲的竹子可以撫直；無心的木材也可 以做成有用的東西。那么，擁有心識的我，為什么無法控制我的內心， 修行清淨止觀呢？而在第八天證得阿拉漢果。

yearn for that delight in detachment, so difficult to enjoy. Giving up sensual pleasures, with no attachment, let the wise man cleanse himself ofdefilements ofthemind.

prattle︰v.閒聊；n.無聊話。hither︰adv.到這裡，向這裡。

82亦如一深池，清明而澄淨，智者聞法已，如是心清淨。

83善人離諸欲1，不論諸欲事。苦樂所不動，智者無喜.憂。2

84不因自因他，智者作諸惡，不求子.求財、及謀國作惡。 不欲以非法，求自己繁榮。彼實具戒行，智慧正法者。

〈85~ 86〉 85於此人群中，達彼岸者少。其餘諸人等，徘徊於此岸3。 86善能說法者，及依正法行，彼能達彼岸，度難度魔境4。

1善人離諸欲：Sabbattha ve sappurisacajanti，真善人在一切處放出(欲)。 DhA：s ssssab ababababb bbbbat atatatatt tttth hhhhａ aaaati pabcakkhandhadibhedesu sabbadhammesu.(在一切處： 在五蘊等的諸項目、在一切的諸法。 )放出︰ DhA： C CCCCaj ajajajajan anananant ttttN iiiiti arahattamaggabanena apakaddhantａ chandaragaｍ vijahanti.(放出：諸正在 牽引離開者，以阿拉漢道智，舍離意願的染。)

2佛陀受某婆羅門的邀請，到鞞蘭若(Verabja)雨安居，但是那位婆羅門後 來就忘光了，那一次雨安居，佛陀及諸比丘每天只吃少許的馬麥維生。

3彼岸：涅槃。此岸：生死。DhA：P PPPPａ aaaar rrrrag agagagagａ aaaam mmmmi iiiin nnnno ooooti nibbanaparagamino.(到 彼岸：去到涅槃的彼岸。)

4魔境：maccudheyyam，死天的領域，指生死輪迴。DhA：M MMMMac acacacacc ccccu uuuud ddddh hhhhe eeeeyy yyyyyyyyan ananananti kilesamarasavkhatassa maccussa nivasatthanabhutaｍ tebhumikavattam. (死 天的領域：已顯露汙染的魔羅的、死天的已變成住的地方，三地的輪轉。)

〈87~ 89〉 87應捨棄黑法，智者修白法1，從家來無家2，喜獨處不易3。 88當求是法樂，舍欲無所有4，智者須清淨，自心諸垢穢。

1黑法：惡業；白法：善業。 2從家來無家：從在家人成為出家人 (無家)。 3喜獨處不易：指喜愛獨處 .遠離，為凡夫不易享受的。 4舍欲無所有：空掉所有慾望，即涅槃。

89. Those whose minds have reached full excellence in the factors of enlightenment, who, having renounced acquisitiveness, rejoice in not clinging to things —rid of cankers, glowing with wisdom, they have attained Nibbana in this very life.

89彼於諸覺支1，正心而修習。遠離諸固執，樂舍諸愛著， 漏盡2而光耀，此世證涅槃。

1 覺支：sambodhiyavga，指七覺支，一、念覺支，念念明白。二、擇法覺支，分別善惡，棄絕貪染之法，選擇趨解脫之法。三、精進覺支，一心於一境而努力不懈修善.斷惡，求解脫。四、喜覺支，得正法或禪定而喜悅。五、輕安覺支，指身.心輕快、安穩，不沉重。六、定覺支，得禪定，心不散亂。七、舍覺支，心無偏頗，不執著而保持平衡、中立。

2 漏盡：khinasava，滅盡諸漏(貪.瞋.痴的煩惱)。