跳到內容

5-TheFool (Dh.60-75) 五、愚品

5-TheFool (Dh.60-75)

  1. Long is the night to the sleepless; long is the league to the weary. Long is worldly existence to fools who know not the Sublime Truth. 61. Should a seeker not find a companion who is better or equal, let him resolutely pursue a solitary course; there is no fellowship with a fool. 62. The fool worries, thinking, “I have sons, I have wealth.” Indeed, when he himself is not his own, whence are sons, whence is wealth?

rubbish︰n.垃圾,廢物。 ditch︰n.水溝。 resplendent︰a.燦爛的,光輝的。

〈五、愚品〉

60不眠者夜長,倦者由旬 1長,不明達正法──愚者輪迴長。 2

61不得勝我者為友,與我相等者亦無,寧可堅決獨行居, 不與愚人作伴侶。3

62「此我子我財」,愚人常為憂。我且無有我,何有子與財? 4

1由旬:yojana,英文 league,一由旬,指公牛掛軛行走一日的旅程。約有 七~八公里。

2本偈為波斯匿王向世尊說的偈頌。波斯匿王因迷戀一位有夫之婦,想出 設計殺其夫,而橫刀奪愛之計,當晚因聽到奇怪的聲音而難以入眠。波 斯匿王請問世尊,世尊說,這是四位在世時犯邪淫的人,正在地獄受苦 的聲音。波斯匿王有所醒寤,不再迷戀他妻。

3大迦葉長老住在王舍城時,有兩位年輕沙馬內拉跟他修習。其中一位恭 敬、服從又盡責。另一位則否。告誡他時,他反而生氣。某日,大迦葉 尊者外出時,這位頑強、愚蠢的沙馬內拉留在精舍,打破所有的鍋子, 並且放火燒精舍。佛陀告誡大迦葉長老寧可獨居,也不要跟愚人共處。

4阿難達 (Anandasetthi)是舍衛城中富有但吝嗇的人。他甚至在屋裡埋五甕 金幣,但直到他去世,也沒有告訴兒子。死後往生到離舍衛城不遠的乞 丐村,長大當乞丐,他曾到前世的家乞討,孫子輩看到他很醜,就叫僕 人把他趕走。佛陀就叫阿難尊者去請他前世的兒子前來一談。佛陀告訴 他,這乞丐是他前世的父親,但他不相信,佛陀就叫乞丐去挖出那五甕

  1. A fool who knows his foolishness is wise at least to that extent, but a fool who thinks himself wise is called a fool indeed. 64. Though all his life a fool associates with a wise man, he no more comprehends the Truth than a spoon tastes the flavour of the soup. 65. Thoughonly fora moment a discerning personassociates with a wise man, quickly he comprehends the Truth, just as the tongue tastesthe flavour ofthesoup. 66. Fools of little wit are enemies unto themselves as they move about doing evil deeds, the fruits ofwhich arebitter. 67. Ill done is that action doing which one repents later, and the fruits ofwhich one reaps, weeping, reapswith tears. 68. Well doneis that actiondoing which onerepents notlater, and the fruits ofwhich onereaps with delight and happiness. 69. So long as an evil deed has not ripened, the fool thinks it as sweet as honey. But when the evil deed ripens, the fool comes to grief. 金幣,他才相信。本句白話:「『我的孩子,我的財產』,愚人常 (為此 ) 焦慮(vihabbati)。其實「我」無有我,哪裡有子,哪裡有財產?」

repent︰v.後悔,懊悔。

63愚者自知愚,彼即是智人。愚人自謂智,實稱真愚夫。1 64愚者雖終身,親近於智人,彼不了達摩2,如匙嘗湯味。3 65慧者須臾頃,親近於智人,能速解達摩,如舌嘗湯味。4 66愚人不覺知,與自仇敵行,造作諸惡業,受定眾苦果。 67彼作不善業,作已生後悔,哭泣淚滿面,應得受異熟5。6 68若彼作善業,作已不追悔,歡喜而愉悅,應得受異熟。7 69惡業未成熟,愚人思如蜜;惡業成熟時,愚人必受苦。8

1兩位小偷與一群信徒,到給孤獨園聽聞佛陀說法。其中一位馬上就了悟

佛法。另一位卻不用心,到處偷錢。不偷錢的小偷,後來來向佛陀報告。 2達摩(dhamma):法、真理。 3優陀夷長老 (Udayitthera)與世尊共住,喜歡坐在講臺上,某日一群客比丘

以為他會說法,請教他,但是他不知回答 (五)蘊、 (六)界、 (六)處的問題。

4有一天,波婆城來的一夥約三十位比丘 (timsamattePaveyyake)曾在劫貝 樹林聽過佛陀說法。他們出家後修十三頭陀行,後來當聽聞佛陀講解《無 始相應經》(Anamataggadhammadesanam)時,全都證得阿拉漢果。當其 他比丘問這些比丘怎么這么快就證得阿拉漢果,佛陀說出此偈。

5異熟(vipaka):果報 (造善.惡因所得的善 .惡果)。

6有一天,在路上佛陀看著裝滿錢的袋子 (贓物 )向阿難說:「阿難!看! 那是毒蛇。」「大德!我看到劇毒 (的蛇 )。」附近的農夫聽到就去看看, 結果發現一袋錢,把它藏起來。後來農夫被抓,判死刑。受刑前農夫一 直唸著:「阿難!看!那是毒蛇。大德!我看到劇毒 (的蛇 )。」行刑的 人十分困惑,就把農夫押回,國王請佛陀作證之後,才免死。佛陀說: 「智者不做會令人後悔的事。」 (cf.大正 No.201.《大莊嚴論經》

(34)T4.289.3;大正 No.208.《眾經撰雜譬喻》(6)T4.533.2-3;大正 No.1435. 《十誦律》卷第十五 ,T23.107-8) 7一花匠每天都要供應頻婆沙羅王茉莉花,某日他當街見到佛陀,不計後 果地把花獻給佛陀,後來頻婆沙羅王知道了,讚美他的虔誠與勇氣。 8本偈為世尊在蓮華色比庫尼被強暴之後說的偈頌。蓮華色比庫尼為舍衛 城富家女,她出家後,有一天她點火,觀火遍,就證得阿拉漢。她獨居 於森林,有一天被強暴,但不受樂,因而不犯戒。世尊向波斯匿王說比

  1. Month after month a fool may eat his food with the tip of a blade of grass, but he still is not worth a sixteenth part of those who have comprehended the Truth. 71. Truly, an evil deed committed does notimmediately bear fruit, like milk that does not turn sour all at once. But smouldering, it follows thefoollike fire covered by ashes.

  2. To his own ruin the fool gains knowledge, for it cleaves his head and destroys his innategoodness. 73. The fool seeks undeserved reputation, precedence among monks, authority over monasteries, and honour among householders. 74. “Let both laymen and monks think that it was done by me. In every work, great and small, let them follow me” —such is the ambition of thefool; thus his desire and pride increase. 75. One is the quest for worldly gain, and quite another is the path to Nibbana. Clearly understanding this, let not the monk, the disciple of the Buddha, be carried away by worldly acclaim, but develop detachment instead. 庫尼住森林有危險。於是波斯匿王在城內為比庫尼蓋精舍。

smoulder︰悶燒。cleave︰v.劈開。

70愚者月復月,雖僅取少食──以孤沙草1端; 彼所得功德,不及思法者,十六分之一。

71猶如搆牛乳,醍醐非速成。愚人造惡業,不即感惡果, 業力隨其後,如死灰覆火。2

72愚夫求知識,反而趨滅亡,損害其幸福,破碎其頭首3。

〈73~ 74〉 73愚人騖虛名:僧中作上座,僧院為院主,他人求供養。 74「僧與俗共知──此事由我作,事無論大小,

皆由我作主」,愚人作此想,貪與慢增長。4

75一道引世利,一道向涅槃5。佛弟子比庫,當如是了知,

1孤沙草:Kusa,香茅草或吉祥草,臺語「茅草菰 hm5chau2koo1」。以孤

沙草的尖端取少少食。 2本偈說大目犍連見到人面蛇身的故事。那餓鬼曾是殺死壞人的果報。 3頭首:muddham(頭),指智慧。DhA:M MMMMu uuuud ddddd ddddh hhhhan ananananti pabbayetam namam.(頭:

此名為「慧」。)

4質多(Citto)居士有一次遇見摩訶男長老(Mahanamatthera),供養他,聽他 說法,聽完之後,他就證得須陀洹果。後來,他在他的芒果園裡興建了 一座精舍,給比丘住宿,而殊達瑪長老(Sudhammatthera)則是常住比丘。 有一天,舍利弗尊者與大目犍連尊者到精舍來。質多居士在聽完舍利弗 的說法後,即證得三果。質多居士就邀請他們兩人於隔天到家中供養, 也邀請殊達瑪質多,但是由於他嫉妒而拒絕。佛陀知道後,說出此偈。

5一道向涅槃︰一條道路導向世俗的利益,另一條道路向涅槃、解脫。

莫貪著世利,專注於遠離1。2

2林住者帝沙長老(Vanavasikatissatthera)七歲當沙馬內拉,三個月就證得阿拉漢果。