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4-Flower (Dh.44-59) 四、華品

4-Flower (Dh.44-59)

  1. Who shall overcome this earth, the realm of Yama and this sphere of men and gods? Who shall bring to perfection the well-taught path of wisdom asanexpert garland-maker would a floral design? 45. The Striver-on-the-Path shall overcome this earth, the realm of Yama and this sphere of men and gods. The striver-on-thepath shall bring to perfection the well-taught path of wisdom, as an expert garland-maker would afloral design. ere︰conj.在…以前。

inflict︰給予 (打擊),使遭受。 floral︰花的。 The striver-on-the-path︰須陀洹道,不是原文 ‘Sekho’「有學」 (belonging to training)的正確翻譯。 Yama,【陽】閻摩 (死亡王國的統治者 )( therulerof the kingdom of thedead)。

〈四、華品〉

〈44~ 45〉 44誰征服地界3,閻魔界.天界,誰善說法句,如巧匠4採花? 45有學5克地界,閻魔界6.天界,有學說法句,如巧匠採花7。

Aciram vat’ayam kayo pathavim adhisessati chuddho apetavibbano nirattham vakalivgaram.此句常為南傳佛教國家比丘為臨終者誦唸的法句。

2邪行:micchapanihitam,不正行、邪道、惡業,在此指「瞋恚」。正行 則指善業。

3誰征服地界:Koimampathavim vijessati。征服:為「以智如實瞭解、作 證」。地界︰地界即自己(attabhavasavkhatam pathavim)。

4 巧匠:指花藝的師傅。

5有學:Sekho,即證悟初果向、初果、二果向、二果、三果向、三果、四 果向。無學:即證悟四果(阿拉漢)。無學:即證悟四果(阿拉漢)。

6閻魔界:Yamaloka(Yama閻羅王+loka世間),閻羅王的世間,指地獄、 餓鬼、畜生、阿修羅。DhA:Y YYYYam amamamamal alalalalo ooook kkkka aaaaG bbbbc cccca aaaaticatubbidham apayalokabca.(閻 羅王的世間:及四種苦界的世間)

7 sekho dhammapadam sudesitam, kusalo puppham iva pacessati.(有學說法 句,有如花匠編制花圈)。亦即「有學」(證得須陀洹道至阿拉漢道)已知 法、見法,所以說法自然巧妙。

  1. Realizing that this body is like froth, penetrating its mirage- like nature, and plucking out Mara’s flower-tipped arrows (of sensuality), gobeyond sight oftheKing ofDeath! 47. As a mighty flood sweeps away the sleeping village, so death carry away the person of distracted mind who only plucks the flowers (ofpleasure). 48. The Destroyer brings under his sway the person of distracted mind who, insatiate in sense desires, only plucks the flowers (ofpleasure). 49. As a bee gathers honey from the flower without injuring its colour or fragrance, even so the sage goes on alms-rounds in the village. 50. Let none find fault with others; let none see the omissions and commissions of others. But let one see his own acts, done and undone. froth︰n.v.泡沫。 mirage︰n.海市蜃樓。 pluck︰v.摘。 sway︰v.動搖。 fragrance︰n.芬芳。

46知此身如泡,覺悟是幻法,折魔羅花箭1,越死王所見。2

47採集諸花已,其人心愛著,死神捉將去,如瀑流睡村3。

48採集諸花已,其人心愛著,貪慾無厭足,實為死魔伏。

49牟尼4入村落,譬如蜂採華,不壞色與香,但取其蜜去。

50不觀他人過5,不觀作不作,但觀自身行,已作與未作。6

1魔羅花箭:指慾望的誘惑。

2本偈說一位比丘精進用功,卻感覺進步很少,他不滿意,他想要去見佛 陀,請佛陀換個禪法。在路上,他見到海市蜃樓,他明白那是水的幻影 而已,也反省到身體也是生老病死的幻像。這時,佛陀放光跟他說:「比 丘!照這樣繼續用功,身體如泡沫、幻影,它的自性是出生及分離。」 聽完偈頌之後,他正念現前,不久,就證得阿拉漢果。

3如瀑流睡村:熟睡的村人為瀑流沖走而不知。此偈故事為憍薩彌羅國波 斯匿王請求與釋迦族的一位公主結婚。傲慢的釋迦族王子們卻送給他一 位摩訶男與一婢女所生的美麗的女孩。後來,這女孩末利夫人 (Mallika) 生下一位琉璃王子(Vitatubha)。王子十六歲時,被派去拜訪外祖父摩訶 男和釋迦族的王子們。偶然琉璃王子知道他為婢女所生的真相後,極端 憤怒,發誓要滅釋迦族。後來他當了國王,發兵殲滅釋迦族。他和軍隊 在返國的途中駐紮在阿致羅筏底河 (Aciravati)床。當晚,河水暴漲把他 和軍隊一齊衝入大海。

4牟尼:修行者、聖者之意。

5過:vilomani,拂逆的。

6舍衛城裡有位富有的女士,是邪命者巴未亞 (Paveyya)的供養者。她也想 去聽佛陀開示,但幾次都被巴未亞阻止。就要兒子去請佛陀到家裡來接 受供養,佛陀宣說隨喜。她聽到佛陀用悅耳的聲音說法時,說:「善哉! 善哉!」隔壁的巴未亞聽到她喜悅的叫聲時,他憤怒地出走,一路跟她 和佛陀咀咒。佛陀勸誡她不要理睬,應該正念現前地觀照自己的善惡行 為。聽完佛陀說法後,她證得初果。

  1. Like a beautiful flower full of colour but without fragrance, even so, fruitless are the fair words of one who does not practice them. 52. Like a beautiful flower full of colour and also fragrant, even so, fruitful arethe fair wordsofone who practices them. 53. As from a great heap of flowers many garlands can be made, even so should manygood deeds be done by one borna mortal. 54. Not the sweet smell of flowers, not even the fragrance of sandal, tagara or jasmine blows against the wind. But the fragrance of the virtuous blows against the wind. Truly, virtuouspervades all directions with the fragrance ofhis virtue. 55.Of all the fragrances —sandal, tagara, blue lotus and jasmine -the fragrance ofvirtueis by far thesweetest.

  2. Faint is the fragrance of tagara and sandal, but the fragrance ofthe virtuousis excellent, wafting even among thegods. 57. Mara never finds the path of the truly virtuous, who abide in heedfulness and are freed by perfect knowledge. mortal︰凡人,致命的。 waft︰吹送,飄送。

〈51~ 52〉 51猶如鮮妙花,色美而無香,如是說善語,彼不行無果1。 52猶如鮮妙花,色美而芳香,如是說善語,彼實行有果。2

53如從諸花聚,得造眾花鬘,如是生為人,當作諸善事。3

〈54~ 55〉 54花香不逆風,栴檀.多伽羅,末利香4亦爾。德香逆風薰, 彼正人之香,遍聞於諸方。 55栴檀.多伽羅,拔悉基5.青蓮,如是諸香中,戒香為最上。

6

56栴檀.多伽羅,此等香甚微。持戒者最上,香薰諸天間。7

57成就諸戒行,住於不放逸,正智解脫者,魔不知所趣8。9

1如是說善語,彼不行無果︰會說善語,但若不依照所說的去實踐,則不 會有好結果。

2 51-52偈為世尊派阿難尊者到王宮跟末利夫人 (Mallika)與禹翅剎利夫人 (Vasabhakhattiya)說法,末利夫人態度認真,但是禹翅剎利夫人不認真。 世尊知道之後,因而說了此偈。

3本偈為世尊讚美毘舍佉優婆夷 (Visakha upasika)強烈做善事的話。 4栴檀、多伽羅 (沉香 ):candanam tagara皆是木香之名。末利迦:mallika,茉

莉花(mallika=vassika(夏生花),Arabian jasmine,芳香的白色小的香花 )。 5拔悉基:vassiki,意為「雨季花」。 6阿難尊者問佛陀有沒有順風香,逆風也香的東西,佛陀說偈。 (DhpA.vv.

54-55., A.3.79.Gandha香,《別譯雜阿含 12經》,《增壹阿含 23.5經》, No.116.《佛說戒香經》,

《佛說戒德香經》,No.117.《本事經》卷六 (T17.693)) 7大迦葉尊者到貧民區去託缽,帝釋天王夫婦就喬裝窮人家,供養他。 8魔不知所趣:解脫的阿拉漢不會再生,魔王找不到他死後去處。 9瞿低迦長老 (Godhikatthera)六度觸證到「暫時的心解脫」 (samayika cetovimutti),六度退轉,第七次才證到「永久的心解脫」 (asamayavimutti),當他證得時,他不願意再退轉,於是用刀自盡,世尊肯定他的證悟。

weary︰a.疲倦的。 resolutely︰adv.堅決地。 solitarycourse(ekacariyam)︰獨行。

〈58~ 59〉

58猶如糞穢聚,棄著於大道,蓮華生其中,香潔而悅意。 59如是糞穢等,盲昧凡夫中,正覺者弟子,以智慧光照。

  1. Upon a heap of rubbish in the road-side ditch blooms a lotus, fragrant and pleasing. 59. Even so, onthe rubbish heap ofblinded mortals the disciple of the Supremely Enlightened One shines resplendent in wisdom.