1-ThePairs(Dh.1-20) 一、雙品
Homage toHim,theBlessedOne, thePerfectedOne, theSupremelyEnlightenedOne!
TheDhammapada
1-ThePairs(Dh.1-20)
1.Mind precedes all mental states. Mind is their chief; they are all mind-wrought. If with an impure mind a person speaks or acts, suffering follows him like the wheel that follows the foot ofthe ox.
- Mind precedes all mentalstates. Mind is their chief; they areall mind wrought. If with a pure mind a person speaks or acts, happiness follows him like his never-departing shadow. 3. “He abused me, he struck me, he overpowered me, he robbed me”. Those who harbour such thoughts donotstill their hatred. 4. “He abused me, he struck me, he overpowered me, he robbed me”. Those who donot harbour such thoughtsstill their hatred. 5. Hatred is never appeased by hatred in this world. By non-hatred alone is hatred appeased. This is an Eternal Law. wrought:a.作成的、精製的。 abuse:v. n.辱罵、虐待。 overpower:v. 擊敗、克服。 appease:v.使平靜、使滿足。 eternal︰a.永恆的、永存的。
〈一、雙品〉
1諸法意先導,意主.意造作1。若以染汙意,或語.或行業, 是則苦隨彼,如輪隨獸足2。3
2諸法意先導,意主.意造作。若以清淨意,或語.或行業, 是則樂隨彼,如影不離形。4
〈3~4〉 3「彼罵我.打我,敗我 .劫奪我」,若人懷此念,怨恨不能息。 4「彼罵我 .打我,敗我 .劫奪我」,若人舍此念,怨恨自平息。
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5於此世界中,從非怨止怨,唯以忍止怨;此古聖常法。6
1諸法(mentalphenomena、mental states)︰在此指善 .惡業(kamma)。意︰指
心識。此句即:心為所有作為的前導,心為它們的主人,它們為心所造作。 2如輪隨獸足:cakkam’va vahatopadam,如車輪跟隨拖車的獸足。 3這是護眼長老 (Cakkhupalatthera)的故事,他因瞎了眼,在晚上經行踏死很多
小生物,隔天被其他比丘發現。佛陀說他無心殺,沒有罪。《本事經》: 「諸不善法生,為因能感苦,皆意為前導,與煩惱俱生。意為前導法,意 尊意所使,由意有染汙,故有說有行,苦隨此而生,如輪因手轉。」(T4.663.3)
4舍衛城一位吝嗇的婆羅門之子,甚至快死了,父親也不延醫,佛陀知道此事, 去託缽,經過他家,向他放光,他對佛陀生信,死後生忉利天。他父親到墳 墓去哭,他下來勸他的父親要親近佛陀。《本事經》:「諸淨善法生,為 因能感樂,皆意為前導,與善法俱生。意為前導法,意尊意所使,由意 有清淨,故有說有行,樂隨此而生,如影隨形轉。」 (T4.664.1)
5這是關於帝沙長老 (Tissatthera)的故事。帝沙長老是佛陀的表弟,晚年出家, 卻喜裝作長老,常與年輕比丘爭吵。他不只是今生頑固,前世也很頑固。 6本則是妻與妾多世冤冤相報的故事。佛陀作了勸導。《增壹阿含 24.8經》︰
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- There are those who do notrealize thatone day we all must die. But those who realize this settle their quarrels. 7. Just as a storm throws down a weak tree, so does Mara overpower the man who lives for the pursuit of pleasures, who is uncontrolled in his senses, immoderate in eating, indolent and dissipated. 8. Just as a storm cannot prevail against a rocky mountain, so Mara can never overpower the man who lives meditating on the impurities, who is controlled in his senses, moderate in eating, and filled with faith and earnest effort. 9. Whoever being depraved, devoid of self-control and truthfulness, should don the monk’s yellow robe, he surely is notworthy oftherobe. 10. But whoever is purged of depravity, well established in virtues and filled with self-control and truthfulness, he indeed is worthyofthe yellow robe. quarrel:n.爭吵、不和。 Mara:n.魔。 indolent:a.懶惰的。 dissipate:v.驅散、消失。 prevail:v.勝過。
「怨怨不休息,自古有此法,無怨能勝怨,此法終不朽。」 (T2.627.2)
The impurities (asubha): n.不淨觀。 deprave:v.使敗壞、使墮落。 depravity:n.墮落。 purge:v.淨化。 virtue:n.戒律、道德。
6彼人 1不了悟:「我等將毀滅 2」。若彼等知此,則諍論自息。
〈7~8〉 7唯求住淨樂4,不攝護諸根5,飲食不知量6,懈惰.不精進, 彼實為魔7伏,如風吹弱樹8。 8願求非樂 9住,善攝護諸根,飲食知節量,具信10又精進,魔 11不能勝彼,如風吹石山。12
〈9~ 10〉 9若人穿袈裟,不離諸垢穢,無誠實克己,不應著袈裟。
1彼人(Pare其他諸人 ):指在憍賞彌 (Kosambi)的比丘,因精通律的比丘與精 通法的比丘判定有罪、無罪意見不同而起諍論。故事與第 328-330偈同。 2我等將毀滅:我們將滅亡於此諍論之中。另譯作:「我們在此處要止息」 (mayam etthayamamase)。
3 cf. M.48.Kosambiyasuttam憍賞彌經、《增壹阿含 24.8經》 (T2.626.)、《本 生經》 J.428.、cf.《律藏》〈大品〉〈憍賞彌犍度〉 Vin.Mv. p.338ff.、 《五分律》卷 24(T22.158.3)、《四分律》卷 43(T22.874.3)
4淨樂:好樂、貪著色身的淨美。 5不攝護諸根:眼 .耳.鼻.舌.身.意不自我保護,隨心縱慾。 6飲食不知量:對飲食不省察所從來,為娛樂或炫耀或美白而飲食。 7魔(mara):在此指慾望。 8如風吹弱樹:vatorukkhamva dubbalam。dubbalam,弱(難(ㄋˊ)強力)。 9非樂:asubha(不淨觀 ),觀察身體十種不淨或身體三十二種成(ㄢ) 份。 10信:對佛 .法.僧不動搖的信心。 11魔:煩惱魔。 12偈頌故事︰摩訶迦羅和小迦羅兄弟都是生意人,後來都出家,摩訶迦羅
努力在墓地禪修,並觀照身體的無常,證得阿拉漢果。小迦羅對修行沒 有興趣,最後被他的妻妾說服還俗。相反地,摩訶迦羅已不為慾望所動。
10若人離諸垢 1,能善持戒律 2,克己與誠實,彼應著袈裟。 3
- Those who mistake the unessential to be essential and the essential to be unessential dwelling in wrong thoughts, never arrive at theessential. 12. Those who know the essential to be essential and the unessential to be unessential, dwelling in right thoughts, do arrive at theessential. 13. Just as the rain breaks through an ill-thatched house, so passion penetrates anundeveloped mind. 14. Just as rain does not break through a well-thatched house, so passion never penetrates a well-developed mind. 15. The evil-doer grieves here and hereafter; he grieves in both worlds. He laments and is afflicted, recollecting his ownimpure deeds. 1離諸垢 (vanta-kasava吐汙):離煩惱。有煩惱垢、塵垢、垢穢、惑垢、染
垢等名詞。 2戒律︰DhA:silesuti catuparisuddhisilesu. (於諸戒:於四遍清淨的戒。 ) 3舍利弗 .目犍連尊者不瞭解提婆達多,誤把一件高價的袈裟供養他。
thatched:a.茅草蓋的。 grieve:n.悲傷。lament:悲嘆。 afflict:折磨。
〈11~ 12〉 11非真思真實1,真實見非真,邪思惟境界,彼不達真實。 12真實思真實,非真知非真,正思惟境界,彼能達真實。2
〈13~ 14〉 13如蓋屋不密,必為雨漏浸,如是不修心,貪慾必漏入。3 14如善密蓋屋,不為雨漏浸,如是善修心,貪慾不漏入。4
1非真思真實: DhA: as asasasasa aaaar rrrre eeees ssssa aaaar rrrram amamamamat atatatati iiiin nnnno ooooti cattaro paccaya, dasavatthuka micchaditthi, tassa upanissayabhuta dhammadesanati ayam asaro nama. (在 非核心之中思量核心:從四資具,它的十事的邪見解,已成為依靠的指 示法,此名叫非核心。)
2 11~12偈為優婆提舍(舍利弗)和拘律陀(目犍連),聽到馬勝比丘唸誦:「諸 法因緣生,如來說諸因。諸法因緣滅,大沙門如是說。」的法偈,當下 就證得預流果。之後,優婆提舍把這因緣的偈頌告訴拘律陀,他聽完這 偈頌後,也立刻證得預流果。然後,他們就去找他們的老師刪闍耶,並 告訴他說,他們已經找到可以指引究竟解脫之道的人,邀他一齊去見佛 陀,但是被刪闍耶拒絕。他們向世尊表示刪闍耶的拒絕,世尊說了此偈。
3《增壹阿含 18.7經》:「蓋屋不密,天雨則漏,人不惟行,漏婬怒痴。 蓋屋善密,天雨不漏,人能惟行,無婬怒痴。」(T2.591.3)
4 13~14偈為難陀(Nanda,世尊姨母弟,即摩訶波闍波提的兒子)戀戀不忘 未婚妻,渴望還俗。世尊為難陀說法的偈頌。
15現世此處悲,死後他處悲,作諸惡業者,兩處俱憂悲, 見自惡業已,他悲.他苦惱。1
- The doer of good rejoices here and hereafter; he rejoices in both worlds. He rejoices and exults, recollecting his own pure deeds. 17. The evil-doer suffers here and hereafter; they suffer in both worlds. The thought, “Evil have I done,” torments them, and he suffers even more when goneto realms of woe. 18. The doer of good delights here and hereafter; he delights in both worlds. The thought, “Good have I done,” delights him, and he delightseven more when gone torealms ofbliss. 19. Much though he recites the sacred texts, but acts not accordingly, that heedless man is like a cowherd who only counts the cows of others —he does not partake of the blessings ofa holy life. 20. Little though he recites the sacred texts, but puts the Teaching into practice, forsaking lust, hatred and delusion, with true wisdom and emancipated mind, clinging to nothing this or any other world —he, indeed, partakes of the blessings of a holy 1本偈為住在竹林精舍附近,屠豬夫純陀 (Cundasukarika ),臨終前作豬叫, 在地上打滾,經一星期,死後下地獄,世尊說出此偈。
life.
rejoice:n.欣喜。 exult:n.狂喜。 torment:n.痛苦。 realm:n.領土、界。 woe:n.悲哀。 heedless:不專心。 sacred:a.神聖的。 cowherd:n.牧牛者。 partake:a.分享的。 forsaking︰a.拋棄的。 emancipated︰解脫的。
16現世此處樂,死後他處樂,作諸善業者,兩處俱受樂, 見自善業已,他樂.他極樂。1
17現世此處苦,死後他處苦,作諸惡業者,兩處俱受苦, 現悲「我作惡」,墮惡趣更苦。2
18現世此處喜,死後他處喜,修諸福業者,兩處俱歡喜, 現喜「我修福」,生善趣更喜。3
〈19~ 20〉 19雖多誦經集 4,放逸而不行,如牧數他牛,自無沙門分。 20雖誦經典少,能依教實行,具足正知識,除滅貪.瞋.痴,
善淨解脫心,棄捨於世欲,此界 .或他界,彼得沙門分 5。6
本偈說曇彌優婆塞 (Dhammika-upasaka)的故事。住在舍衛城的曇彌樂善好 施,臨終時有六天的六匹馬車來迎,他告訴兒女,他選擇去兜率天。
2本偈說提婆達多 (Devadatta)的故事。他是大師的表弟,他學成神通之後, 曾以神通博得阿闍世王的信任,之後,日日獲得很多供養。他想當僧團 的領導人,曾跟佛陀索眾,佛陀沒有答應。他懷恨在心,有三次謀害佛 陀不成,其中一次利用山上的滾石,傷到佛足,出佛身血;殺佛不成, 他就有分裂僧團的動作;又殺害蓮華色阿拉漢尼 (Uppalavanna)。多項五
逆罪,死後投生大阿鼻地獄(avicimahaniraya)。
3給孤獨長者的第三女兒善意天(Sumanadevi),臨終時稱父親為「弟弟」。 給孤獨長者困惑不安,以為她臨終時沒有正念。佛陀說,她臨終時正念 現前,因為她證得二果,境界比給孤獨長者高,死後往生兜率天。
4經集:DhA:s ssssa aaaam mmmmh hhhhi iiiit ttttan ananananti tepitakassa buddhavacanassetam namam.(經集:這 是佛說的三藏之名。)
5沙門分︰bhagavasamabbassa,沙門的成分,指沙門的利益:道與果。
6 19-20偈說兩位好友比庫的故事。一位已證阿拉漢果,一位只精通經教。