正義的戰爭 Can We Justify War?
Can We Justify War?
正義的戰爭
The difference between a dog fight and a war or between two groups of people is only in its organization.
狗與狗之間的爭執和人類的戰爭相比，差別就在組織性。
The history of mankind is a continuous manifestation of man’s greed, hatred, pride, jealousy, selfishness and delusion. During the last 3,000 years, men have fought 15,000 major wars. Is it a characteristic of man? What is his destiny? How can men bring destruction to one another?
人類在貪、嗔、癡、嫉妒、自私等邪惡的念頭作祟下，在過去的三千年來，總共發生過超過一萬五千起大型戰爭。這是人類的本性嗎？是人類的命運嗎？人類有權力摧毀他人嗎？
Although men have discovered and invented many important things, they have also made great advances towards the destruction of their own kind. This is how many human civilizations have been completely erased from this earth. Modern man has become so sophisticated in his art and techniques of warfare that it is now possible for him to turn the whole of mankind into ashes within a few seconds. The world has become a storehouse of military hardware as a result of a little game called ‘Military Superiority.’
雖然人類創造和發明了很多新的事物，可是人類卻在毀滅自己的同類，多少人類的生命從地球消失。現代人掌握了最新的戰斗科技，在數秒鍾內便能摧毀全人類。世界成為武器的庫房，人類在進行一場叫做「軍事優越性」的游戲。
We are told that the prototype of a nuclear weapon is more powerful than the atomic bomb which was dropped at Hiroshima Japan in August, 1945 is being planned. Scientist believe that a few hundred thermonuclear weapons will chart the course towards universal destruction. Just see what we are doing to our human race! Think what sort of scientific development it is! See how foolish and selfish man is!
我們知道核子武器的威力，比起一九四五年八月在日本長崎和廣島爆炸的原子彈威力還要大。科學家相信，只要數百枚的核子彈，就能消滅整個地球。我們到底在競爭什麼！科技到底在發展些什麼！人類到底有多自私和愚蠢啊！
Man should not pander to his aggressive instincts. Man should uphold the ethical teachings of the religious teachers and display justice with morality to enable peace to prevail.
人類不應該迎合那充滿侵略性的野心家。人類應該追隨崇高的宗教導師，發展正義和道德，化戰爭為和平。
Treaties, pacts and, peace formulae have been adopted and millions of words have been spoken by countless world leaders throughout the world who proclaim that they have found the way to maintain and promote peace on earth. But for all their efforts, they have not succeeded in removing the threat to man-kind. The reason is that we have all failed to educate our young to truly understand and respect the need for selfless service and the danger of selfishness. To guarantee true peace, we must use every method available to us to educate our young to practise love, goodwill and tolerance towards others.
無數的國家和無法統計的領導人，大批的論文、契約、和平方案，都宣稱已經為這世界尋找到維持和平的方法，可是一點作用也沒有，仍然無法解除人類的威脅。失敗的原因就出在沒有好好的教育下一代，沒有讓他們清楚的理解無私奉獻的重要和自私的危險。要確保和平，就要用盡種種方法，讓我們年青的一代學習如何實現愛心、善心、容忍等等。
The Buddhist Attitude
佛教的態度：
A Buddhist should not be the aggressor even in protecting his religion or anything else. He must try his best to avoid any kind of violent act. Sometimes he may be forced to go to war by others who do not respect the concept of the brotherhood of man as taught by the Buddha. He may be called upon to defend his fellow men from aggression, and as long as he has not renounced the worldly life, he is duty-bound to join in the struggle for peace and freedom. Under these circumstances, he cannot be blamed for his action in becoming a soldier or being involved in defence. However, if everyone were to follow the advice of the Buddha, there would be no reason for war to take place in this world. It is the duty of every cultured man to find all possible ways and means to settle disputes in a peaceful manner, without declaring war to kill his fellow men. The Buddha did not teach His followers to surrender to any form of evil power, be it man or supernatural being. Indeed, with reason and science, man could conquer nature, and yet man has not yet even secured his own life.
無論在保護宗教或保護其它的一切，佛教徒都不會做侵略者。佛教徒盡最大的可能避免任何暴力。雖然有時佛教徒也被迫與那些不尊重佛教，或企圖消滅佛教的惡勢力開戰，他們是為了保護被侵略的父老弟兄，並不是蓄意殺害生命，而是為了和平與自由，在這種情形，我們不應該譴責他們。只要每個人追隨佛陀的教誨，這世界就不會有因為戰爭而帶來的和平。每一個文明人，都有責任尋求一切方法，以和平的態度來解決紛爭，不需要造成殺戮。佛陀也從來沒有教導過信徒必須向惡勢力投降──無論是人類或超越自然界的生物。在知識和科學的協助下，人類能降伏大自然。但是人類自己的生命卻得不到保障。
Why is it that life is in danger? While devoted to reason and being ruled by science, man has forgotten that he has a heart which has been neglected and has been left to wither and be polluted by passion.
為何生命充滿危機呢？在追求學識和科學時，人類忽略了自己有一顆心，被遺忘了、枯萎了、和被污染了。
If we cannot secure our own lives, then how can world peace be possible? To obtain peace, we must train our minds to face facts. We must be objective and humble. We must realize that no one person, nor one nation is always wrong. To obtain peace, we must also share the richness of the earth, not necessarily with equality but at least with equity. There can never be absolute equality but surely there can be a greater degree of equity.
如果生命不能獲得保障，那又怎麼會有世界和平呢？要維持和平，就必須訓練我們的「心」，客觀和謙虛的面對事實。要維護和平，就必須讓這世界分享我們的財富，不必要平均分配，但是要平等。我們永遠也無法做到財富平均分配，但是可以把它當作比平等更高的理想。
It is simply inconceivable that five percent of the world’s population should enjoy fifty percent of the its wealth, or that twenty-five percent of the world should be fairly well-fed and some overfed, while seventy-five percent of the world is always hungry. Peace will only come when nations are willing to share and share equitably, the rich to help the poor and the strong to help the weak, thus creating international goodwill. Only if and when these conditions are met, can we envision a world with no excuse for wars.
The madness of the armaments race must stop! We must try to build schools instead of cruisers, hospitals instead of nuclear weapons. The amount of money and human lives that various governments waste in the battlefield should be diverted to build up the economics to elevate the standard of living.
目前這世界百分之五的人，享有世界百分之五十的財富，真是不可思議。目前這世界僅有百分之二十五的人口豐衣足食，百分之七十五的人口處于飢餓邊緣。和平唯有透過那些肯分享和平均分配財富的國家，富者協助貧窮、強者扶持弱者而達到。也只有在這個目標實現後，世界才會太平。武器裝備的競爭必須停止，我們應該建造更多的醫院和學校來取代它。用在武器和戰備的金錢，用來發展經濟，提升人類的生活那不是更好嗎？
The world cannot have peace until men and nations renounce selfish desires, give up racial arrogance, and eradicate egoistic lust for possession and power. Wealth cannot secure happiness. Religion alone can effect the necessary change of heart and bring about the only real disarmament? that of the mind.
All religions teach people not to kill; but unfortunately this important precept is conveniently ignored. Today, with modern armaments, man can kill millions within one second, that is, more than primitive tribes did in a century.
人類無法放棄自私和欲望，種族和傲慢、個人主義和權力的執著存在的一天，就無法實現世界和平。財富無法帶來幸福，而宗教卻能有效的影響你的意識形態，和讓你放下武器。
不殺害生命是宗教的原則。不幸的是，那些愚痴的人都不明白這一點。今天，在現代武器肆虐下，一秒鍾內就可以殺害數百萬條生命。這是一個比任何時刻都更需要宗教的時代。
Very unfortunately some people in certain countries bring religious labels, slogans and banners into their battlefields. They do not know that they are disgracing the good name of religion.
‘Verily, O monk,’ said the Buddha, ‘due to sensuous craving, kings fight with kings, princes with princes, priests with priests, citizens with citizens, the mother quarrels with the son, the son quarrels with the father, brother with brother, brother with sister, sister with brother, friend with friend.’ (Majjhima Nikaya)
更不幸的是，某些人卻把宗教旗幟帶進戰場，他們從來就沒有想過，這麼做沾污了宗教的神聖性和聲譽。「僧眾啊！為了滿足于自己的貪欲，到處都是斗爭，國王與國王，太子與太子，宗教師與宗教師，人民與人民，母親與兒子，父親與兒子，兄弟姐妹與兄弟姐妹，朋友與朋友，到處都是斗爭。」《中部》
We can happily say that for the last 2,500 years there has never been any serious discord or conflict created by Buddhists that led to war in the name of this religion. This is a result of the dynamic character of the concept of tolerance contained in the Buddha’s teaching.
我們很欣慰的說，在過去二千五百年來，佛教從未造成任何嚴重性的不協調和沖突而導致的戰爭。這要歸功于佛教強而有力的特性──容忍。