第十五章 戰爭與和平 War And Peace
Chapter 15 War And Peace
第十五章 戰爭與和平
Why is there no Peace?
世界和平
Man has forgotten that he has a heart. He forgets that if he treats the world kindly, the world will treat him kindly in return.
人類忘記了他有一顆心，如果他仁慈的對待世界，世界也一樣會仁慈的對待他。
We are living in a world of really amazing contradictions. On the one hand, people are afraid of war; on the other hand, they prepare for it with frenzy. They produce in abundance, but they distribute miserly. The world becomes more and more crowded, but man becomes increasingly isolated and lonely. Men are living close to each other as in a big family, but each individual finds himself more than ever before, separated from his neighbor. Mutual understanding and sincerity are lacking very badly. One man cannot trust another, however good the latter may be.
我們所居住的世界充滿了矛盾，一方面，我們害怕戰爭，一方面。我們又積極的準備戰爭。生產過剩又得不到平均妥善的分配。人口急劇膨脹，人心也變得越來越孤獨。人類的距離被現代科學給拉近了，可是人類的隔閡也越來越大。彼此間缺乏真誠的態度和真正的了解，也缺乏信任。
When the United Nations was formed after the horrors of the Second World War, the heads of Nations who gathered to sign the charter agreed that it should begin with the following preamble: ‘Since it is in the minds of men that wars begin, it is in the minds of men the ramparts of peace should be erected.’ This very same sentiment is echoed in the first verse of the Dhammapada which states: ‘All [mental] states have mind as their forerunner, mind is their chief, and they are mind-made. If one speaks or acts, with a defiled mind, suffering follows one even as the wheel follows the hoof of the draught-ox.’
聯合國成立在世界第二次大戰之後，各國首腦都同意一項條款：「戰爭是由人類的心念所造成的，如果人類都把心念用在和平，那麼就不會有戰爭。」這項條款和《法句經》的第一首詩偈雷同。
「一切事情都是以心念為主導，心念主使語言和行動的產生。如果有了污穢的心念，行為和言語也就不會正確，這時苦惱就會緊緊的跟隨他，好像牛車跟隨著牛的足跡前進。」
The belief that the only way to fight force is by applying more force has led to the arms race between the great powers. And this competition to increase the weapons of war has brought mankind to the very brink of total self-destruction. If we do nothing about it, the next war will be the end of the world where there will be neither victors nor victims; only dead bodies.
有些人相信唯有軍隊和強大的武裝，才能維護和平。為了「備戰」而造成軍備競爭，這種盲目愚痴的做法，最終將導致人類自我毀滅。如果我們不關注這個問題，下一場戰爭，將是世界的末日。所獲得的不是勝利而是犧牲──最終橫尸遍野。
‘Hatred does not cease by hatred; by love alone does it cease.’
「傷害無法阻止傷害，唯有仁慈能阻止傷害。」
Such is the Buddha’s advice to those who preach the doctrine of antagonism and ill-will, and who set men to war and rebellion against one another. Many people say that the Buddha’s advice to return good for evil is impracticable. Actually, it is the only correct method to solve any problem. This method was introduced by the great Teacher from His own experience. Because we are proud and egoistic, we are reluctant to return good for evil, thinking that the public may treat us as cowardly people. Some people even think that kindness and gentleness are effeminate, not ‘macho’! But what harm is there if we settle our problems and bring peace and happiness by adopting this cultured method and by sacrificing our dangerous pride?
這是佛陀給予那些造成傷害的戰士和叛亂者的開示。很多人認為，佛陀要人轉惡向善，是一種行不通的辦法，可是，這畢竟是唯一解決問題的辦法，佛陀也親身體驗過。當我們以自我和自大為中心時，是不可能有棄惡揚善的念頭。其實，造成我們不願意棄惡揚善的原因，主要是不願示弱的心理在作祟，不願讓人們以為我們是懦夫。但是，如果我們犧牲我們那高度危險的自尊心，以文明的方式帶來和平與幸福，那麼，我們到底又損失了些什麼呢？
Tolerance must be practised if peace is to come to this earth. Force and compulsion will only create intolerance. To establish peace and harmony among mankind, each and everyone must first learn to practise the ways leading to the extinction of hatred, greed and delusion, the roots of all evil forces. If mankind can eradicate these evil forces, tolerance and peace will come to this restless world.
要實現世界和平，就必須懂得「容忍」。要建立人與人之間的和諧，就必須消除貪、嗔、痴這三種萬惡的根源。如果人類能斷除一切邪惡的力量，並實踐容忍，那麼和平的世界就指日可待了。
Today the follows of the most compassionate Buddha have a special duty to work for the establishment of peace in the world and to show an example to others by following their Master’s advice: ‘All tremble at punishment, all fear death; comparing others with oneself, one should neither kill nor cause to kill.’ (Dhammapada 129)
今天佛陀的追隨者，都肩負重任，以導師為榜樣，為實現世界和平而工作。
佛陀這麼開示：「一切眾生都畏懼于刑具，一切眾生都害怕于死亡，將心比心，我們不應該殺害生命，也不應該指使他人去殺生。」
《法句經》V.129
Peace is always obtainable. But the way to peace is not only through prayers and rituals. Peace is the result of man’s harmony with his fellow beings and with his environment. The peace that we try to introduce by force is not a lasting peace. It is an interval in between the conflict of selfish desire and worldly conditions.
要獲得和平不困難。但是，以祈禱和祭祀來希望得到和平是不切實際的。和平是人與人，人與環境協調的結果。以武力獲得的和平，只是滿足了某些人的私欲，不是真正的和平，也不會持久。
Peace cannot exits on this earth without the practice of tolerance.
缺乏容忍，世界就無法和平。
To be tolerant, we must not allow anger and jealousy to prevail in our mind. The Buddha says, ‘No enemy can harm one so much as one’s own thoughts of craving, hate and jealousy.’ (Dhammapada 42)
要實現容忍，我們就不應該允許嗔恚和嫉妒在我們心中生起。
佛陀說：「仇敵害仇敵，冤家對冤家，心念如果向著邪惡去發展，所造成的禍害就會更大了。」《法句經》V.42
Buddhism is a religion of tolerance because it preaches a life of self-restraint. Buddhism teaches a life based not on rules but on principles. Buddhism has never persecuted or maltreated those whose beliefs are different. The Teaching is such that it is not necessary for anyone to label himself as a Buddhist to practise the Noble Principles of this religion.
佛教是容忍的宗教。佛陀指示我們，為了要獲得美滿的生活，就必須自我節制。佛教不以教條或理論來教化信徒，佛教也從不迫害或虧待那些非信徒。佛教指引的是和平的道路，佛教也不需要信徒們標榜他們是佛教徒，才可以修學這種崇高的宗教真理。
The world is like a mirror and if you look at the mirror with a smiling face, you can see your own, beautiful smiling face. On the other hand, if you look at it with a long face, you will invariably see ugliness. Similarly, if you treat the world kindly the worldly will also certainly treat you kindly. Learn to be peaceful with yourself and the world will also be peaceful with you.
世界就像一面鏡子，如果你微笑的面對鏡子，你會看到自己美麗的笑臉，如果你拉長著臉面對鏡子，看到的將是丑陋的你。同樣的，如果你以仁慈的心對待這個世界，世界也會同樣仁慈的對待你。學習以和平的心對待世界，世界將會因為你而充滿了和平。
Man’s mind is given to so much self-deceit that he does not want to admit his own weakness. He will try to find some excuse to justify his action and to create an illusion that he is blameless. If a man really wants to be free, he must have the courage to admit his own weakness. The Buddha says:–
人類的心識充滿了自我，因此無法看見自己的短處，經常在找藉口為自己的錯誤掩飾。一個人如果想獲得真正的自由，必須先發現自己的短處和壓抑不當的行動。
‘Easily seen are other’s faults; hard indeed it is to see one’s own faults.’
佛陀說：「發現他人的錯誤，太容易了，要發現自己的錯誤，太難了。」