覺悟 Enlightenment

Enlightenment

12．覺 悟

The Bodhisatta, having put Mara to flight, gave himself up to meditation. All the miseries of the world, the evils produced by evil deeds and the sufferings arising therefrom, passed before his mental eye, and he thought: [1]

菩薩在波旬逃離後陷入了沉思冥想中。塵世的所有痛苦、因惡行而生的罪惡以及因此而來的苦難，在他心靈之眼面前一一掠過，他想： 1

“Surely if living creatures saw the results of all their evil deeds, they would turn away from them in disgust. But selfhood blinds them, and they cling to their obnoxious desires. [2]

「如果眾生確實看到了他們所有惡行的後果，他們將會厭惡這後果。但是自我蒙蔽了他們，他們因此不能脫離令人生厭的欲望。 2

“They crave pleasure for themselves and they cause pain to others; when death destroys their individuality, they find no peace; their thirst for existence abides and their selfhood reappears in new births. [3]

「他們渴望自己幸福卻給他人帶來痛苦。當死亡毀壞他們的個體時，他們找不到寧靜。他們渴求生命永在，他們的自我在新生中重現。 3

“Thus they continue to move in the coil and can find no escape from the hell of their own making. And how empty are their pleasures, how vain are their endeavours! Hollow like the plantain-tree and without contents like the bubble. [4]

「因而他們繼續在煩惱中苟且生活，囿于他們自己所造的地獄而不能逃脫。他們的歡樂多麼空虛，他們的努力是多麼徒勞！像大焦樹一樣中空，像泡沫一樣沒有內容。 4

“The world is full of evil and sorrow, because it is full of lust. Men go astray because they think that delusion is better than truth. Rather than truth they follow error, which is pleasant to look at in the beginning but in the end causes anxiety, tribulation, and misery.” [5]

「塵世充滿了罪惡和悲傷，因為塵世中欲望無處不在。人們認為妄念優于真理，所以他們陷入迷途。他們不去追求真理反去跟從謬見，跟從謬見開始看來是快樂的，但是最後的結果則是焦慮、磨難和痛苦。」 5

And the Bodhisatta began to expound the Dharma. The Dharma is the truth. The Dharma is the sacred law. The Dharma is religion. The Dharma alone can deliver us from error, from wrong and from sorrow. [6]

接著菩薩開始解說佛法。佛法是真理。佛法是聖道。佛法是宗教。佛法獨自便能將我們從謬見、錯誤和悲傷中拯救出來。 6

Pondering on the origin of birth and death, the Enlightened One recognized that ignorance was the root of all evil; and these are the links in the development of life, called the twelve nidanas: [7]

覺悟者沉思著生死的起源，他意識到無知是所有罪惡的根源，這些是人生發展變化的環節，即所謂的十二因緣： 7

In the beginning there is existence blind and without knowledge; and in this sea of ignorance there are stirrings, formative and organizing. From stirrings, formative and organizing, rises awareness or feelings. Feelings beget organisms that live as individual beings. These organisms develop the six fields, that is, the five senses and the mind. The six fields come incontact with things. Contact begets sensation. Sensation creates the thirst of individualized being. The thirst of being creates a cleaving to things. The cleaving produces the growth and continuation of selfhood. Selfhood continues in renewed births. The renewed births of selfhood are the cause of suffering, old age, sickness, and death. They produce lamentation, anxiety, and dispair. [8]

最初是茫然無知的存在。接著在無知之海中有了生機、形狀和組織。從生機、形狀和組織中有了意識和知覺。知覺生出像個體生命一樣存活的有機體。這些有機體發展為六入，即五種感覺和意識。六入和外物接觸。接觸引起感覺。感覺產生了個體生命的欲望。個體生命的欲望產生了對物的執著。執著引起了自我的成長和延續。自我在新的生命中繼續。自我的新生是苦難、老、病以及死亡的原因。它們產生了悲傷、焦慮和絕望。 8

The cause of all sorrow lies at the very beginning; it is hidden in the ignorance from which life grows. Remove ignorance and you will destroy the wrong appetences that rise from ignorance; destroy these appetences and you will wipe out the wrong perception that rises from them. Destroy wrong perception and there is an end of errors in individualized beings. Destroy the error in individualized beings and the illusions of the six fields will disappear. Destroy illusions and the contact with things will cease to beget misconception. Destroy misconception and you do away with thirst. Destroy thirst and you will be free of all morbid cleaving. Remove the cleaving and you destroy the selfishness of selfhood. If the selfishness of selfhood is destroyed you will be above birth, old age, disease, and death, and you will escape all suffering. [9]

所有悲傷的原因在于最初的開端，它隱匿在生命起源的無知中。拋開無知，你將消滅從無知中產生的錯誤本能。消滅了這些本能，你將會清除從本能而來的錯誤知覺。消滅了錯誤知覺，個體生命中的種種謬見便會結束。消滅了個體生命中的謬見，六入中的幻相便會消失。消滅了幻相和外物的接觸，錯覺就不會產生。消滅了錯覺，你就會遠離欲望。消滅了欲望，你就會脫離可怕的執著。拋開了執著，消滅自我的自私自利。如果消滅了自我的自私自利，你將超越生、老、病和死，你將脫離一切苦難。 9

The enlightened One saw the four noble truths which point out the path that leads to Nirvana or the extinction of self: [10]

覺悟者看到了四聖諦，即指明通向涅槃或者破滅自我的四條道路： 10

The first noble truth is the existence of sorrow. [11]

第一聖諦是悲傷的遍在。 11

The second noble truth is the cause of suffering. [12]

第二聖諦是苦難的原因。 12

The third noble truth is cessation of sorrow. [13]

第三聖諦是悲傷的止息。 13

The fourth noble truth is the eightfold path that leads to the cessation of sorrow. [14]

第四聖諦是引導停止悲傷的八條道路。 14

This is the Dharma. This is the truth. This is religion. And the Enlightened One uttered this stanza: [15]

這就是佛法。這就是真理。這就是宗教。覺悟者吟出這首偈：

在無數的輪迴生死中，

我徒勞地尋找痛苦之屋的建造者。 15

“Through many births I sought in vain The Builder of this House of Pain. Now, Builder, thee I plainly see! This is the last abode for me. Thy gable’s yoke and rafters broke, My heart has peace. All lust will cease.” [16]

現在，我見到了你這建屋者，

你的房梁和椽木被斬斷，

我心中有安寧。一切欲望都止息。 16

There is self and there is truth. Where self is, truth is not. Where truth is, self is not. Self is the fleeting error of samsara; it is individual separateness and that egotism which begets envy and hatred. Self is the yearning for pleasure and the lust after vanity. Truth is the correct comprehension of things; it is the permanent and everlasting, the real in all existence, the bliss of righteousness. [17]

有自我也有真理。自我所在之處，不會有真理。真理所在之處，不會有自我。自我是輪迴中飛逝而過的謬見，是個體的分散，自尊自大導致嫉妒和憎恨。自我是對空虛背後的快樂和欲望的渴求。真理是對事物的正確理解，它是永存和恒在，是一切存在中的真實，是正義的喜樂。 17

The existence of self is an illusion, and there is no wrong in this world, no vise, no evil, except what flows fromt the assertion of self. [18]

自我的存在是一種幻相，除了因主張自我而來的事物之外，這世上沒有錯誤、沒有邪惡、沒有罪過。 18

The attainment of truth is possible only when self is recognized as an illusion. Righteousness can be practised only when we have freed our mind from passions of egotism. Perfect peace can dwell only where all vanity has disappeared. [19]

只有當認識到自我是一種幻相時，才可能獲得真理。只有當我們將心靈從對自我的感情中解脫出來時，正義才能得以實施。只有在一切空虛消失時，全然的靜寂才可得以停駐。 19

Blessed is he who has understood the Dharma. Blessed is he who does no harm to his fellow-beings. Blessed is he who overcomes wrong and is free from passion. To the highest bliss has he attained who has conquered all selfishness and vanity. He has become the Buddha, the Perfect One, the Blessed One, the Holy One. [20]

理解佛法的人有?了。不傷害生命的人有福了。戰勝錯誤脫離感情的人有福了。征服一切自私自利和空虛的人獲得了至高的喜樂。他成為佛陀、完美者、至福者、至聖者。 20