眾善奉行——佛教思想與企業的和諧發展 To Do the Wholesome：Buddhist Thought and Enterprise』s Harmonious Development

To Do the Wholesome：Buddhist Thought and Enterprise』s Harmonious Development

眾善奉行——佛教思想與企業的和諧發展

Sakya, Ruxiang, Minnan

如祥

閩南佛學院學生

Abstract: the enterprise is an important part of economic market in a country. Thereby, the key to enterprise harmony is internal management. But what annoys us is how to harmonize the enterprise? In this paper, through the Buddhism 「Dependent Origination theory」 recognizes ourselves; through the thought of 「Everyone Equality」 and 「Six Harmonies」 operate the heart of people; through the 「Four Immeasurables」 pays respect for the country and establishes a harmonious enterprise.

內容摘要：企業是國家的重要經濟市場，所以企業能否和諧關鍵在于內部的管理。那麼怎麼樣來和諧企業呢？本文以佛教的緣起論認識自己，以人人平等、六和敬思想經營人心，以四無量思想心來報國土恩, 來構建和諧企業。

Key words: Dependent Origination Equality Six HarmoniesFour Immeasurables

關鍵詞：緣起論 人人平等 六和敬 四無量心

As we all know, building a harmonious society and a harmonious world is the common goal and ideal of all human beings. While whole harmony is impossible to exist alone if separating from unit harmony. To be a composition cell of social economy, being harmonious in enterprise plays micro-foundation role for building a harmonious society. While, for state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises which hold the lifeline of the national economy and have an important effect on country』s economy security, it is a more important foundation of building a harmonious society. But what annoys us is how to harmonize the enterprise. Buddhism is the very way to offer treasure of thought to a harmonious enterprise.

眾所周知，構建和諧社會，和諧世界是全人類共同的理想和目標。而整體的和諧是不能離開個體的和諧而存在的。作為社會經濟的組成細胞，企業的和諧對和諧社會的構建有著微觀基礎的作用。對于掌握著國民經濟命脈、對國家經濟安全和社會安全有著重要影響的國有大中型企業來說，其和諧更是構建和諧社會的一個重要基礎。那麼如何和諧企業呢？佛教正是為企業的和諧提供了思想法寶。

From the title, we can see Buddhism is regarded as a way of Supra-mundane and liberation by our habitual thought, and then how is it related with an enterprise? The first thing is the meaning of corporation culture. What does the corporation mean? It means that in a certain condition, the enterprise, as well as staff, has gradually formed the common ideal, style, value idea and code of conduct with learning and practicing in production and operation, which is a faith and behavior way in personality characteristic. As a matter of fact, from this definition, we find it is one kind of active mental and conceptive management. Also, Buddhism puts much emphasis on the enterprises』 ideal. In Buddha』s period, the Sangha built by Buddha is with the enterprise』s spirit of well-organization and magnificent programme; in Tang Dynasty, Venerable Mazu creating the Buddhist Monastery and Venerable Baichang making monastic rules has a thought of enterprise; in contemporary times, Venerable Taixu regulated the rules of Sangha, which also embodies the spirit of enterprise. In other words, the word of corporation is with social moderation, with uncertainty only to refer the social industrial and commercial enterprise. Therefore, Buddhism does not separate itself from the worldly society, but is one kind of education that guides to enlightenment. Thus, we believe that the integration of the Buddhism thought to operate the enterprise will enable the enterprise to become more harmonious, and at the same time, will lay the foundation for building a harmonious society and promoting economic society to move on to a process of better and faster development.

一看這個題目，人們就以慣有的想法認為佛教是出世間法、解脫法，怎麼會跟企業掛上鉤呢？其實不然，我們來看什麼叫企業文化？企業文化，是指在一定環境下，企業及其員工在學習和生產經營實踐中，逐漸形成的共同理想、作風、價值觀念和行為準則，是一種具有企業個性特徵的信念和行為方式。其實，從這個定義當中我們看出企業是心智的活動，理念的管理。而佛教也是相當重視企業理念的。佛陀當初創建僧團就是本著有組織、有計劃的企業精神而成立的；唐代馬祖創叢林、百丈立清規也是具有企業思想；近代太虛大師整理僧伽制度，就是企業精神的展現。也就是說企業不一定是社會的工商業，它是社會現代化的名詞。所以佛教是不離世間法的，它是一種指導人們走向覺悟的教育思想。所以我們有理由相信如果企業家融合佛教思想管理企業，將會促進企業和諧發展，同時為構建和諧社會奠定基礎，推進社會經濟的發展。

The most important thing whether developing harmoniously in enterprise is internal operation and external support. And the embodiment of internal operation is that an operator is one whose own quality has been improved by Dependent Origination theory in Buddhism. With 「Everyone』s Equality」 and 「Six Harmonies」, can help the operator to cultivate the staff, as well as to solve the contradiction between operators and staff. In external support, the enterprise by the Four Immeasurables 「Loving kindness, Compassion, Joy and Generosity」 in Buddhism thought benefits the social groups and repay the country.

企業能否和諧發展關鍵在于內部的管理和外部的支持，內部的管理體現在管理員以佛教緣起論提高自身的素質和才能，以「人人平等」、「六和敬」來幫助管理員培養員工以及解決管理員和員工的矛盾。外部的支持是企業以佛教「慈悲喜舍」的思想利益社會群體、報答國家。

1.With the dependent origination recognition ourselves

一.用佛教緣起論來認識自己

In social life, human』s behavior, at a large extent, is dominated by his mood and sentiment. It is what kind of emotions and feeling are that will frequently lead to sorts of behaviors. Similarly, in the career of enterprise, since management activity is a kind of systematic behavior, it has to be subject to the impact between moods and emotions. While to be an excellent manager, he must be endowed with a considerable degree of emotional intelligence. That is to say, emotional intelligence is an essential quality which the operator should be satisfied with. There is a study indication by psychologists that: one will be a person with great wisdom if he can control and overcome his emotion. While Dependent Origination theory in Buddhism makes us completely understand all phenomena, not only to the analysis of all things in the world, but also to the penetration of human beings』 emotion.

在社會生活中，人的行為在很大程度上受人的情緒和感情的支配，什麼樣的情緒和感情則往往使人產生什麼樣的行為。同樣地，在企業生涯中，管理活動既然是一種系統的行為，那麼它必須受情緒和感情的影響。而要作為一名優秀的管理者，則必須具備相當程度的情商。也就是說情商是管理員應具備的基本素質。心理學家研究表明：誰若能自控情緒、戰勝情緒，則他具有特別的智慧。

And what is the Dependent Origination by mean? The Dependent Origination refers that all phenomena arises due to kinds of conditions, namely everything arises due to causes and conditions, and all phenomena ceases to exist also due to causes and conditions, the form of which manifests is changing constantly and illusion, with nothing kept lasting for ever, but with everything kept arising or eliminating from a moment to the other next.

而佛教的緣起論則能使一個人充分地了解一切事物，不單是對一切事物的剖析，更是對人心里情緒的看透。緣散則滅，表現出其形態就是幻化無常的，沒有一樣事物能永恆存在，剎那生剎那滅。

Hence, as the Diamond Sutra saying: 「all phenomena due to causes and conditions is one just like dream illusion, visionary, dew and electricity. And we have to penetrate it accurately. 」 Even though our mind is the same, the form that is empty which means everything is not real. If knowledgeable of the Dependent Origination, we are likely to clearly take insight ourselves emotions changing from a moment to a moment, without a mind attached, just like enjoyment, hatred, grief and happiness that stimulate our inner mind by external environment. Thus, the emotion is only a one of active mind in our consciousness. That is because all phenomena depending on causes and conditions is original one, itself with nothing thought or mind attached, rather is approached by our greed, anger and ignorance. Take for an example, external environment, itself not having like and dislike, but makes us exited when it accords with our inner greed. In contrast, it makes us irritated when corresponsible with our hatred. In fact, it is unknowledgeable about the essence of all phenomena and our mind that our emotion is changeable. Therefore, should an operator understand the Dependent Origination completely, he will bring his emotion under control, and his emotion realization, encouraging himself to display vigor at any time. Anymore, he is prepared to take the initiative with great passion. Even more, he is able to know about the other』s sentiment, namely he is a person with his ability to observe other people feelings clearly, along with the other』s behavior in the domination of the emotions.

所以《金剛經》云：一切有為法，如夢幻泡影，如露亦如電，應作如是觀。即便是我們的觀念也是剎那生滅，其形相是空的，找不到一個實體。如果了知緣起論，我們能夠清楚地觀到自己的情緒剎那生滅，沒有一念可以讓我們抓住，喜怒哀樂只是外面的環境刺激了我們的內心，所以它只是意識中的一個跳動的念頭。原本依他起的外在事物是沒有任何思想觀念附著的，而是由我們內心的貪、嗔、痴給外在事物加上了概念。如環境它本身無好壞，但刺激了我們內心的貪念，我們心生歡喜，相反與內心的嗔恨心相應，我們會苦惱。其實，會讓我們喜怒無常，也是因為我們沒有充分認識外在事物以及內心的根本。所以一個管理員如果了知緣起論，他會控制自己的情緒，認識自己的情緒，自我激勵，隨時激勵自己振作精神，樂觀向上而不受其他因素影響。甚至能認知他人的情緒，即能夠察顏觀色，清楚地了解對方的情緒以及在這種情緒支配下可能做出的行為。

In the life of the enterprise, there are so many unpredictable fluctuations in market force. An operator will have a clear and peaceful mind if comprehending his emotion thoroughly, not being affected by the external environment under his temper. Not by habitual mind but by the perspective of Dependent Origination to insight everything, He will look into the future of enterprise tendency, seizing lucky chance, creating the opportunity to develop the enterprise and knowing much about how to grasp the enterprise in fast changing things; what』s more, by keen-sighted penetration to the dramatically changing market economy, other than his own supposition or pell-mell development, he makes a wise and farsighted strategy, regulating a long-range and accurate objective, which is either accordant with the demand of enterprise, even adaptable to the value-orientation and mode of thinking in the need of economic globalization, or considerable the benefits of the subordinates with doing good service for them in any case and following with the interest of what consumers want at any time. As a result, he will enjoy the support of his subordinates and social groups. Tempering ourselves in a hard struggle and doing mindful of possible danger in time of peace can be able to keep our mind purified whatever has happened surrounding us. To remain indifferent whether granted favors of subjected to humiliation — Unmoved either by gain or loss, and to free from arrogance and rashness by peaceful mind can help the enterprise to be accommodating nimbly and to steadily pass different time during the crisis and the prosperous period, which aids to establish its long-term development. Actually, this is also expressed by 「wisdom」(— to attach something also to get rid of it)which is one study of Three Studies in Buddhism.

在企業生活中，市場瞬息萬變。一個管理員能了知自己的情緒，善于控制情緒不受外在影響，他的念頭就特別清晰，不會以固有的觀念而是用緣生緣滅的角度看待事物，即以發展的眼光認識企業發展，抓住機緣、創造機會發展企業，懂得在變化的事物中把握企業；不以主觀來臆斷或盲目瞎做而以銳眼觀察市場經濟的變化，做出睿智的決策，立定長遠正確的目標，制定決策時既能符合企業的要求，乃至適應經濟全球化要求的價值取向和思維方式，又能處處考慮到部下的利益，為廣大員工做好事、辦實事，時刻關注顧客需要什麼，他就生產什麼，這樣就會得到部下的擁戴和社會群體的支持。于一切境遇中安住，于逆境中磨練心智，順境里也安不忘危，寵辱不驚、不驕不躁的平和心態會幫助企業靈活變通，助其平穩地度過危機與鼎盛的不同時期，建立其長遠的發展。這其實也是佛教三學中的「慧—提得起，放得下」的表現。

2.With the Buddhism 「Everyone Equality」 operating the heart of people and with 「Tolerance perfection」 and 「Six Harmonies」 promoting group spirits

二.以佛教「人人平等」來經營人心，以「忍辱度」、「六和敬」來促進團隊精神

In the managing enterprise, each ministry of organization is a group of numerous and complicated personal relationship constituted by kinds of people. If abnormal to make an exchange our thought message between superior leader and subordinates, or colleagues relationships, our organized exchange chain will be interrupted and each member will become estranged so that this inner organization enhancing the development of group spirit is far from satisfaction. A series of problem such as human-centered, resolution of human beings system and the way how to play a perfect role in the group spirit have already become the core issue of managing theory and practice in 21st century.

在企業管理中，每個組織內部，都是由形形色色的人構成的一個紛繁複雜的人際關系群體，上、下級之間，同事之間若不能進行正常的思想信息的交流，則會使組織信息鏈條中斷，人員之間的關系疏遠，組織內部就不可能有團隊精神的產生。以人為本，解決人的系統問題和如何使團隊精神發揮極致已成為21世紀管理理論與實踐的核心問題。

Now that 「Dependent Origination theory」 is the essential thought of Buddhism, then 「Everyone Equality」 is being built on the basis of the 「Dependent Origination theory」. From this principle it is shown that not only does external environment arise or eradicate caused by causes and conditions, but also our body form also is built up owing to kinds of causes and conditions. Thus, no matter how rich or poor, noble or humble, everyone to suffer the birth, sickness, old age and death is equal in front of impermanent phenomenon; no one can escape from this principle of causes and conditions. Hence, each person living in the world no more than plays different effect on their life, with no one dominated or created. It is also to be shown in Buddhism thought 「Everyone Equality」. All people, from the highest levels of business leader to the lowest level of the corporate executives, are all equal, only difference in assignment. There is not distinguished between personality and privileges, so all people are important in their jobs. Reflected in the corporate management is to 「human-centered」 management. To encourage the staff to take the initiative in their work and to finish it efficiently, we have to observe keenly each worker』s potential ability or take accurate measure to help them ordinary education or vocational training, as well as their healthy quality examination.

「緣起論」既是佛教的核心思想，那麼「人人平等」正是建立在「緣起論」的基礎上的。從緣起論的原理可以看出，外在的事物依種種條件生成或變壞，我們的「色身」也是由種種因素和合而成的，所以無論貧富貴賤在生老病死無常現象面前是平等的，無一人可以逃脫因緣法則。來到世界上的每個人只不過是發揮著其不同的作用價值，沒有誰是主宰者，或創造者。即佛教講的「人人平等」。從企業的最高層領導者，到企業的最低層執行者，所有的人都是平等的，只有分工的不同，沒有人格與特權的差別。所以每個人在其崗位都發揮著重要的作用。反映在企業管理上的就是以「人為中心」的管理。要員工能很好地且積極地完成其工作就要觀察每個員工的潛在能力或對他們進行普通教育、職業培訓以及對員工的健康素質的測試。

By the 「Everyone Equality」 of the Buddhism thought, in candidates and assignment, we should insist on 「people-centered」, which emphasis on workers』 ideas, ethics, values and behavior that should be placed on the core position in the enterprise management. Moreover, what』s selected and trained in the enterprise is the right person to be arranged for appropriate posts depending on workers』 different abilities and personal characteristics. In addition, choose suitably incentive way so as to stimulate the staff a strong sense of mission and responsibility with the guide them the right thought and cultivation excellent workers, increasing common development between employees and enterprises. This management which embodies humane care, respect and love everywhere, is to place the human being on the main status of the enterprise management. It is a good point that the workers have a sense of admit and destination and consciousness to reduce the exhaustion for the enterprise by efficient work and harmonious cooperation. As a matter of fact, no doubt this is intended to show the manager』s capability to farsighted and considerable emotional intelligence. For instance, the Dongfang Steam Turbine Com. Ltd. distributes the staff departments of jobs in accordance with the actual capacity, continuously upgrades conscious participation and creative motivation of party members and workers, takes the initiative in innovation, attracts and cultivates the fruit of the development between enterprise and staff, at the same time, advances the harmonious development of the enterprise.

用佛教「人人平等」的思想，在選人、任人上要堅持以人為中心，強調員工的理想、道德、價值觀和行為規范在企業管理中的核心地位。根據員工每人的能力、性格特點，選拔、培養適合的人，安排合適的崗位，並選擇適合的激勵手段，從而激發員工強烈的使命感和責任感，給員工疏導正見，培養出色的員工，促進員工與企業的共同發展。這種管理處處體現人文關懷，尊重人，愛護人，就是把人放在企業管理的主體地位上。這樣員工對企業有認同和歸宿感，幫助企業減少內耗，有效運動，和諧合作。同時也是一個管理者有發展的眼光和具備相當程度的情商的一個體現。如東方汽輪機有限公司根據員工的實際能力分配部門或工作崗位，而且不斷提升黨員和職工的參與意識和創造動力、積極創新，吸引、培養和穩定人才隊伍機制，實現了企業與職工共享發展成果，推動了企業和諧發展。

Still, the interpersonal relationship should be laid emphasis on when stressing on the cultivation to the staff』s ability. In the management, a range of problems is obvious to be out: how to treat the workers or other people fairly with tolerance? How to make them more confident? How to get along with other people or promote friendly relations? So, how to bring the group spirit perfect facilitation? There is a well known adult educator in America called Deir Kanekey, he thinks: great success in his career which a person can attain is only 15% according to his profession, what』s more important is interpersonal relationship and technique occupied 85%. As pointed out by Kanekey, interpersonal relationship is the key point whether the enterprise can develop harmoniously. This is also seen as a contradiction that is difficult to solve between the employers and employees in the enterprise. In dealing with what is hateful, Buddhism teaches us that we must bear in mind the Buddhist spirit of patience, forbearance, loving-kindness and compassion, making the best use of hatred whilst not behaving in a tit for tat manner. At this point, I think it is important to be clear that Buddhism places its primary emphasis upon the direct existence in the first place and emphasizes the direct first-hand experience of the individual. It is, before, a practice of self-training or self-cultivation. Strictly speaking, Buddhism is not involved in Sociology, it rarely analyzes things from a Sociological perspective—what this or that group of people should or should not do when dealing with another group. More often, it expounds upon what we should or should not do as individuals. Had we applied the idea of 「requiting hatred」 to social life, people would have thought us unable to draw a clear distinction between right and wrong. However, Buddhist teachings emphasize what we, as individuals, should do, and how we, as individuals, ought to behave. Following the practical path of moral and mental training, so long as everybody tackles his or he r own problems—no matter whether big or small, and reaches a compromise with others, our society will be naturally stabilized and naturally consolidated. People will, in turn, live harmoniously together and social morality will be improved. In terms of 「purifying our Mind and harmonizing our society」, everybody has to do his or her bit as well as possible, making it the standard of conduct. The Buddhist emphasis is on taking actions as an individual, right now at this very moment. The 「way to requite hatred」, therefore, seems passive but is actually a very active method. It can be used both to tackle the conflict between oneself and others, and between right and wrong.

重視對員工能力的培養的同時還要注重人際關系：「如何寬厚待人？如何培養人的自信心？和如何進行人與人之間的溝通？」才能促使團隊精神發揮更佳？美國著名的成人教育學家戴爾•卡耐基認為，一個人事業的成功，只有15％是由于他的專業技術，另外的85％要靠人際關系、處事技巧。從卡耐基的說法看出人際關系也是企業能否和諧發展的關鍵。這往往也是管理員與員工難以解決的矛盾。對待矛盾，佛教要我們有忍辱(佛教「六度」中的「一度」)的精神、忍讓的精神、包容的精神、化解的精神，不要針鋒相對。順便說一下，佛教的思想學說，是以人為本，從人出發，從個人出發，它是對個人身心性命的修養。嚴格來說，它不是社會學說，所以它沒有詳講到這個群體對待那個群體應該怎麼樣，而更多地是講我們個人應該怎樣。如果我們把這個思想用在生活上，那別人會抓我們的辮子，說我們敵我不分。但是佛教是告訴我們每個人應該怎麼做，每個人把自己個人之間的矛盾化解了，大事化小，小事化了，社會自然就會安定團結，人際關系自然就會和諧，社會風氣也會逐步地有所改善。所謂淨化人心、祥和社會是要從每個人做起，然後形成一種風氣。所以佛教的一切精神是重在從我做起、從現在做起、從當下做起，所以忍辱心看似消極、實際上最為積極，可以用它來化解一切人我是非矛盾。

Anther point is, in the internal management of the enterprise, that it is insufficient to operate the enterprise by only the operator; also it needs the harmonious or common thought of each members who attends in the company. In Buddhist teachings, obviously, 「Six Harmonies」 of Sangha administration has played a guiding role for the establishment of a modern harmonious enterprise. And what is 「Six Harmonies」 by mean? It means harmony of beings—or say, bodily harmony (unity) in form of worship, harmony of speech—or oral unity in chanting, harmony of aims—or mental unity in faith, harmony of morality—or moral unity in observing the precepts, harmony of view—or doctrinal unity in views, harmony of benefit—or economic unity in community of goods, deeds, studies or charity.

但在企業內部管理中，只有管理員一個人來管理企業是不夠的，還要有眾人和諧的思想制度。而佛教僧團管理上的「六和敬」對于建立現代和諧企業起了指導作用。什麼叫「六和敬」？「六和敬」就是身和同住，口和無諍，意和同悅，戒和同修，見和同解，利和同均。

(1) Harmony of Being means that Sangha all exist or live in harmony, so basically they try not to violate the right of any other people within this community, so it is all about respect and understanding, respect and tolerance. That is to say, everyone does not attack and violate each other.

1.身和同住是指僧團都過著和諧的生活，不去侵犯團體里的任何人，所以他們是互相尊重、理解和寬容。即大家在一起不能發生人身的相互攻擊與侵犯。

(2) Harmony of Speech means they trap again along harmony with the same what they say, so they will be no arguments and they all beings harmony about what they say. But it is mutual consensus in mind, which can be able to make speech harmonious.

2.口和無諍是指達到溝通上的和諧，所以就沒有爭執，語言都是和諧的，但要內心的見解相互一致，才有可能做到言語的不起爭論。

(3) Harmony of Aims refers that all they have the same aims, so the members of Sangha try to achieve this aim in harmonies ways. That is the common pleasure in mind which attains the common enjoyment to achieve the common goal.

3.意和同悅是指他們有相同的目標，僧團的成員以和諧達到共有的目標。即心意的共同欣悅，為了達到共同的目標所得的共同喜悅。

(4) Harmony of Morality is defined that all agree to uphold the same moral principles, so everyone is equal from this principle and nobody has any privilege. Therefore, everyone has to be required to comply with the corresponding rules and regulations that can be bound to play the best effect.

4.戒和同修，他們遵守著相同的戒律，所以在戒律面前人人平等，沒有一個人有任何特權。也只有大家都一起遵守相應的規章制度，這個規章制度才能發揮最佳的約束效應。

(5). Harmony of View is said that all agree to be in harmony in their thoughts, views and ideals. A group goal will go to the same, only a unified opinion.

5.見和同解是指思想的統一，共同的理想和觀點。一個團體目標一致，見解才會統一。

(6). Harmony of Benefits tells us that they all live in the same way, so nobody in this community has more than anyone else; therefore, it is an equal sharing of living goods basically, which can be reasonable to strengthen the development of harmonious group.

6.利和同均是指他們依著相同的方式生活，所以團體的每一個人都不能比誰擁有更多利益，也是物質上的均衡分配，分配均等合理能促進團體的和諧發展。

As a matter of fact, the 「Six Harmonies」 is also the manifestation of 「tolerance perfection」. If the corporation is run by the 「Six Harmonies」, it will play a positive role in the enterprise in order to strengthen the 「self-management」 capabilities, and to carry forward the spirit of 「team-cooperation」. Simply to say that by harmonious action, harmonious speech and harmonious thoughts build a good interpersonal relationship; by tolerance and sincere heart to treat other people help push forward the harmonious development of the enterprise.

「六和敬」思想其實也是「忍辱心」的體現。一個企業如果能運用佛教的「六和敬」管理企業，對內部「自我管理」能力地提高，和「團隊協作」精神地發揚發揮著積極的作用。簡單的講就是以「行美，言美，意美」來建立良好的人際關系，以和待人，以誠待人，促進企業的和諧發展。

3. With the four immeasurables of 「loving-kindness, compassion, joy and equanimity」 benefiting sentient beings as a corporation ethics and code of conduct

三.以「慈悲喜舍」利世作為企業道德行為準則

Seen from the 「Dependent Origination theory」, 「Everyone Equality」 in Buddhism thought, the Four Immeasurables of 「loving-kindness, compassion, joy and equanimity」 is more established on the basis of the two. 「Loving-kindness to happiness, compassion to elimination the suffering, joy to giving fearlessness and generosity to no self」 —just like Buddhist sutra saying: 「All sentient beings are regarded as the roots, Buddha and Bodhisattva considered as the fruits, benefiting sentient being by the water with compassion, which can make Buddha and Bodhisattva achieve the wisdom that is compared as the fruit.」 What』s told is that Bodhisattva achieving the Buddha hood is attained by the sentient beings. In the career of the enterprise, the enterprise can be developed harmoniously, which is largely due to the workers』 cooperation, the support of group society and country. Therefore, to pay respect for the society and country, by 「compassion, loving-kindness, joy and generosity」 is seen as a company』s ethics and code of conduct.

從「緣起論」、「人人平等」的佛教思想看出，其實佛教的四無量心「慈悲喜舍」更是建立在兩者的基礎上的。「慈予樂」、「悲拔苦」、「喜無畏」、「舍無得」—佛經云：「一切眾生而為樹根，諸佛菩薩而為花果，以大悲水饒益眾生，則能成就諸佛菩薩智慧花果。」也就是說菩薩能成就佛果是眾生成就的。而在企業生涯中，企業能夠和諧發展，都是員工的配合、社會群體的擁戴和國家的支持，所以要以「慈悲喜舍」作為其道德行為準則來報答社會和國家恩。

「Loving kindness to happiness」 —giving a happiness to sentient beings is reflected to say that excellent and reasonable goods is in urgent need to the consumers in the market force. It embodies that integrity is deemed as the basic principles for doing business, and is of the most important premise in business. What 「excellent and reasonable goods」 means is that the price of commodity accords with the quality of commodity. Not only the price is equitable, but also the quality is perfect. Being awareness of the product, we don』t pass fake imitation for genuine or pass off the false as genuine and impose on the customers. As an old saying: 「Don』t worry about customers not coming to buy your goods as long as your goods win the praise」. Hence, in the administration of operating the company, integrity is fundamental in developing enterprise. For example, there was a businessman doing something business about pepper named Liu Yinggang in Qing Dynasty. One day, he purchased 800 tams pepper with a contact by being introduced to the supplier. In consequence, some day, Liu identified that the peppers had something poison in it. The news to be transmitted to the original, he was frightened that amour was uncovered, and that he fell into discredit, so he would like to recover the full price of goods in suspension the contact. However, to avoid the original seller selling them to the consumers and doing harm to the others, Liu Yinggang did not return these goods; rather he brought this poison pepper which he bought completely under control and destroyed them at any cost. Shown from this story, it demonstrates that integrity is considered as the criterion of a person with quite accomplishment, meanwhile, is the basis of construction a harmonious society. As what』s pointed out by a professor Peter Drucker: 「A large number and wide range of practice has proved that in the different stages of development of enterprise, corporation culture with regulated again is to push the development of the enterprise forward; but to be a core valuable idea of the enterprise, integrity will last forever, which is the cornerstone of corporation culture and center competitiveness of the enterprises.」 So, integrity to the consumers is to give loving kindness to the sentient beings. It is only being honest and trustworthy that enterprises can not only have more broad market prospects and stead management style, but also the cornerstone of a harmonious society.

「慈以樂」—給眾生之樂，在商場上就是對消費者要「貨真價實」，其體現的是要以信義為經商基本原則，是做好買賣的首要前提。所謂「貨真價實」就是商品要價值、質量相符，不僅價格公道實在，而且質量完善純真。不能以此充好，以假充真，欺騙顧客。俗話說得好：「只要貨贏人，不愁客不來。」所以在企業運營管理上，誠信是企業發展的根本。清代商人劉瑩剛做的是胡椒生意。他經人介紹與一供貨商簽約購進了800擔胡椒。而後辨別出這批胡椒有毒。原賣主聽說後，惟恐姦情敗露，毀及自己的名聲，想以原價收回全部貨品、中止契約。然而劉瑩剛不惜成本把這批有毒的胡椒全部摧毀，以免這批胡椒賣主「他售而害人」。我們從中知道誠信可以看出一個人修養的程度，也是構建企業和諧的基礎。管理學大師彼得.德魯克曾經指出：「大量而廣泛的實踐證明，在企業的不同發展階段，企業文化再造是推動企業前進的原動力，但是企業誠信作為企業核心價值觀是萬古長存的，它是企業文化與企業核心競爭力的基石」。對消費者誠信就是給眾生之樂。只有誠實守信才能使企業有更廣闊的市場前景和穩健的經營風格，也是和諧社會的基石。

「Compassion to elimination suffering」 —to help the sentient beings free from the suffering, 「joy to fearlessness」 —to give the sentient being fearlessness, the two reflected to the society is a career of doing good service for others. When the sentient beings are confronted by kinds of diseases and frightened things, a person will be able to give his money or his comfort to the need help of people; or when being faced with various kinds of troubles or worries or pressure in the life of working, this changeable emotion will have a bad effect on working, even do any thing harm to other people. Obviously, Giving Fearlessness is the very way to comfort and care for those who have many troubles and help them remove from anxiety and irritability. Actually, concern and bless in the mind or a given smile is invisible equanimity. Mr Ruodon and his wife, the 「Computer King」 of the United States, have a large villa where there is used to meet tens of thousands of donators and visitors. However, they decided to donate their money to the community charities and helped develop the arts; Furthermore, they, setting up more than one of the foundations, subsidized the Museum of Art, museum, newspaper with financial difficulties as well as education. In truth, we are shown that for them, doing a great charity don』t have any impact on the accumulation of capital, but strengthen their power; moreover, they have more prosperous business and fertile family, which is far more than their previous investment. At the same time, they are more admired than any other businessmen, and upgrade their own status in the community business.

「悲拔苦」、—拔眾生之苦；「喜無畏」—給眾生無畏，兩者體現在社會上就行慈善事業。當眾生有種種災難怖畏之事，將自己的錢財施舍給需要幫助的人；或在工作生活中遇到的種種煩惱、壓力，不良情緒等影響工作甚至傷害到人，以無畏的精神安慰他們，幫助他們免去內心的怖畏去除不安與煩躁。其實默默地關懷與祝福，給人笑臉也是無形的布施。美國的「計算機大王」若頓夫婦，其龐大的別墅每年接待成千上萬的募捐者和參觀者。夫婦倆他們決定將他們的錢財貢獻給社會的慈善事業，並扶助藝術方面的新生力量；他們成立了不止一個的基金會，來資助藝術館、博物館、財政困難的報社和兒童救助以及教育事業使社會大眾能長期對這個企業放心和有忠誠。其實我們也從中看得出他們的善舉並未因此而影響其資本的積累，他們的勢力反而更壯大，商業更昌隆，家庭更富饒，遠遠超過了其先前的投資。同時獲得好名譽，提高了自己在商界的地位。

「Generosity to no self」 is to do service for society or the consumers with nothing attached in our mind by no self, listening to carefully and patiently what they mind, satisfying with their need in no time, and doing good service for them in sincere heart. There is a saying in The Diamond Sutra: 「keep our mind from attaching forms or external environment, from voice, smell, taste, touching and all phenomena (five dusts—form, voice, smell, taste, touching is laid into our mind). Observing anything in peaceful mind without attachment.」 A Japanese scholar Yitengzhao once said: 「No Japanese entrepreneur who is sophisticated does not get through The Analects of Confucius and Daodejing. Supposed to say, if most entrepreneurs in the world, besides reading The Analects of Confucius and Daodejing, having a deep search of Buddha Sutra will have more knowledgeable about what the true purpose of being a human and doing business. And then competition is not only a characteristic of market economy, but integrity, humbleness, mutual interest and win-win will be a dharma treasure that makes the promise of enterprise much better」.

「舍無得」—為社會服務時心不生有為消費者施舍的心，時時傾聽他們的心聲，及時地滿足他們的需求，真實地為他們服務。金剛經云：「不應住色生心，不應住聲香味觸法生心，應無所住而生其心。」日本學者伊藤肇也曾指出：「日本企業家只要稍有水平的，無不熟讀《論語》和《道德經》。可以設想，如果世界上多數企業家除熟讀《論語》和《道德經》外，還能深入佛教經藏，真正理解做人成事的真實意義，那麼，競爭不再是市場經濟唯一的特色，誠信、謙和、互利、共贏才是通達企業美好願景的法寶。」

Thereby, if a company integrates with the Four Immeasureables 「loving kindness, compassion, joy and equanimity」 as the company ethics and code of conduct, it will obtain the support of society and country. In reality, this is a kind of distillation of the enterprise.

所以企業如果能以佛教的四無量心「慈悲喜舍」作為企業道德行為準則，就能夠得到社會群體的擁戴和國家的支持。這其實也是企業的一種升華。

In short, what』s mentioned above, Buddhism thought itself possesses transcendent thought, by which establishes the harmonious enterprise. Fully aware of all phenomena that arises due to causes and conditions and ceases to exist also due to causes and conditions, observing no realistic mind, enlightening the thought of 「Everyone Equality」 in front of impermanence, why are we worried about the management? Why are we keeping hateful to other people? Why are we irritated with the consumers not coming? Moreover, knowledgeable of the Dependent Origination theory, we will obey the rules and behave ourselves, make our mind purified. By the heart of equality and peaceful mind, we do wholesome to every one, care for, praise and encourage the staff, being honest to other people in society and doing charity for society. Why are we not happy to do that? A distinguish built on the equality and a harmony based on the distinction, is just the harmonious road of a modern enterprise.

綜上所述，佛教思想它本身就具有超越的思想，以超越的思想構建和諧企業，充分了解了一切事物緣生緣滅，觀自心不可得，在無常面前人人平等，何愁管理不好？何必與員工結怨仇？何愁客不來？對自己言行律己，淨念自心，以平等心、平常心對待一切人，對員工體貼關懷讚歎鼓勵，對社會誠實守信，布施行善，何樂而不為？一種建立在平等上的差別，又建立在差別上的和諧，這就是現代企業的和諧之道。