百喻經 49 小兒爭分別毛喻 Two Young Boys』 Argument over Feathers
49 Two Young Boys』 Argument over Feathers
49小兒爭分別毛喻
Once two boys were diving in a river and found a bunch of feathers at the bottom of the river. One boy said it was the beard of an immortal, while the other insisted that it was bear』s fur. An immortal happened to be by the river』s shores, and so the two boys went to him asking for a settlement of their debate. The immortal took some rice and sesame seeds into his mouth and chewed them for a while, then he spat them into his hand and told the boys, 「What I have here seems to be peacock droppings.」
It is clear from his reply that the immortal did not answer the question that was put to him. Ignorant people of the world are like this, too. When discussing Dharma, they bring up idle theories and do not answer questions with proper principles. They are like the immortal whose answer made him the laughing stock of all people. The same idea applies to those who engage in empty, frivolous discussions.
譯文
譬如過去有兩個小兒到河里遨游嬉戲,在水底摸得一把毛。一小兒說:「這是仙人的胡須。」另一小兒說:「這是羆的毛。」當時河邊住著一位仙人,這兩個小兒爭執不下,便到那仙人處,請他決斷。而那仙人隨即取了一把米和胡麻子,含在口中嚼了,吐在掌上,對小兒說道:「我掌中的像是孔雀屎。」這仙人沒有回答他們的問題,人們都是知道這一點的。
世上的愚人也是這樣,說法的時候,隨便地談論其他種種毫不相關的學說,並不就理上正面答覆,如那個仙人答非所問一樣,遭到一切人的嗤笑。浮泛散漫地虛說一通,都是這樣子的。
原典
譬如昔日有二小兒入河邀戲,于此水底得一把毛。一小兒言: 「此是仙須。」一小兒言:「此是羆毛。」爾時河邊有一仙人,此二小兒諍之不已,諧彼仙所,決其所疑。而彼仙人尋即取米及胡麻子,口中含嚼,吐著掌中,語小兒言:「我掌中者似孔雀屎。」而此仙人不答他問,人皆知之。
世間愚人亦復如是,說法之時,戲論諸法,不答正理,如彼仙人不答所問,為一切人之所嗤笑。浮漫虛說,亦復如是。
解說
仙人把米和胡麻子嚼了,吐在掌上,說是像孔雀屎,他的意思大抵是那把毛既不是仙須,也不是羆毛,不知道是什麼毛,沒有真正的答案。這種答非所問恰恰揭示了事物在那種情形下的真實性,後世禪宗多采用這類方法。
《長阿含經》卷十七也記敍了這般情形。阿闍世王向六師外道提出這樣的問題:「世間有許多通常的職業:象夫、馬夫、御者、弓箭手、旗手、營官、士兵、皇家出身的高級將軍、軍事偵察員……所有這些人都在現世享受他們的職業的可見的果實……你能夠告訴我一個沙門生活的任何現世可見的直接果實嗎?」沒有一個人直接回答這個問題,而只是解釋他們自身的理論,因為從他們的觀念出發,想不出沙門生活有什麼可見的直接果實,沒有確切的答案可言,這樣一種問答恰也顯示了一種他們所處情勢的真實性。「不闌迦葉就是這樣的,當問到一個沙門生活的直接利益是什麼,他講解他的無業報原理。尊者,正像一個人,當問到一粒芒果是什麼,他回答一條面包如何如何。」(見《順世論》第六O八頁,也可參見《中華大藏經》第三十一冊第二O九頁)