平常心 Normality - 一掌之葉：覺知 A Handful of Leaves: Awareness
2-1-1-5. A Handful of Leaves: Awareness一掌之葉：覺知
To practice insight-meditation, the Buddha teaches us to develop four foundations of awareness, namely;
在練習觀禪(內觀禪修)方面，佛陀教導我們培養正念覺知(sati)的四個基礎，即——
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KAYANUPASSANA SATIPATTHANA, that is, to meditate on the body in the body and see according to actuality that this body is only just a body; it’s not a being, an individual, nor a self. It is neither me nor it.
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身觀念處：即以「身體或身內」為所緣而禪修，並且如實見到身體只是身體，不是實有、不是實體、也不是自我，它既非我亦非它。
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VEDANANUPASSANA SATIPATTHANA, to meditate on the feelings and see according to actuality that these feelings are only just feelings; they are not a being, an individual, nor a self. They are neither me nor them.
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受觀念處：以「覺受」為所緣而禪修，並且如實見到這些覺受只是覺受，不是實有、不是實體、也不是自我，它們也是非自非它。
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CITTANUPASSANA SATIPATTHANA, to meditate on the mind in the mind and seeing according to actuality that this mind is only just mind; it is not a being, an individual, nor a self. It is neither me nor it.
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心觀念處：以「心」為所緣而禪修，並且如實見到心只是心，不是實有、不是實體、也不是自我，它既非我亦非它。
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DHAMMANUPASSANA SATIPATTHANA, to meditate on the mental objects in the mental objects and seeing according to actuality that these mental objects are only just mental objects. They are not a being, an individual, nor a self. They are neither me not them.
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法觀念處：以「法(mental object)」為所緣而禪修，並且如實見到這些法只是法，不是實有、不是實體、也不是自我，它們既非我亦非它。
The teachings of the Buddha are many; I’m not able to describe all of it. We’ve probably heard that at one time, our Buddha was walking with a number of monks in the forest. Seeing fallen leaves scattered around, the Buddha picked up a handful of leaves and asked those bhikkhus, ‘Monks, which is more, the leaves in my hand or all the leaves in the forest?’ The bhikkhus answered, ‘The leaves in the forest are more than those in your hand, so much so that they cannot be compared.’ The Buddha then taught that the knowledge and understanding that the Buddha had studied was comparable to the leaves in the forest, and the knowledge that He taught us was comparable to a handful of leaves.
佛陀的教導有很多，我無法介紹他所有的教導。大家可能聽過：有一次，佛陀與一群此丘在森林中行走，佛陀看到滿地都是落葉，于是揀起一把的葉子問那些比丘們：「比丘們！哪個比較多呢？是我手上的葉子多，還是森林里所有的葉子多呢？」那些比丘們回答：「森林里的葉子比你手中的多，而且多到不能比。」于是佛陀教導說：佛陀學過的知識和智能就像森林里的葉子那麼多，而他教導我們的就像手中的葉子那麼少。
The leaves in the forest stand for making merit, generosity, keeping precepts and developing tranquility-meditation, and the handful of leaves for insight-meditation. However, to do Vipassana we have to study through listening and reading at first, before we start practicing. Otherwise we’ll waste a lot of time gathering all the leaves in the forest.
森林里的葉子就是指做功德、布施、持戒和練習止禪，而手中的葉子就是指觀禪(內觀禪修)。然而，在練習毘婆舍那之前，我們必須先聽聞並閱讀經典，否則會浪費很多時間在收集森林里的葉子。
The practice of Vipassana that the Buddha teaches through developing the four Satipatthana, means learning to be aware. The Buddha said that there are two things that are of great assistance, namely 1. SATI: to recollect; * before doing or thinking anything, know it with awareness, and 2. SAMPAJANYA: to realize; the moment we’re thinking something, to realize it fully. SATI-SAMPAJANYA, when using ordinary language, just means to wake up, to awaken, to feel oneself all the time.
佛陀教導的藉由培養四種念住(Satipathana)而修的毘婆舍那，也就是要練習保持覺知。佛陀說有兩樣東西能產生大幫助，那就是——
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正念(Sati)：即憶念不失＊，也就是在做或想任何事情之前，要有覺知地知道它。
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正知(Sampajanya)：即了知，也就是在我們想事情的當下完全地了知它。
正念-正知，用一般的話來說就是清醒、覺醒、隨時感知到自己(的身口意活動)。