24 -Craving (Dh.334-359) 二十四、愛欲品

24 -Craving (Dh.334-359)

334. The craving of one given to heedless living grows like a creeper. Like the monkey seeking fruits in the forest, he leaps fromlife tolife (tasting thefruit ofhis kamma).

335. Whoever is overcome by this wretched and sticky craving, his sorrows growlike grass after therains. 336. But whoever overcomes this wretched craving, so difficult to overcome, from him sorrows fall away like water from a lotus leaf. 337. This I say to you: Good luck to all assembled here! Dig up the root of craving, like one in search of the fragrant roots of birana grass. Let not Mara crush you again and again, as a flood crushes a reed. wretched︰a.卑鄙的 ,可恥的。 sticky︰a.黏的，棘手的。

〈二十四、愛欲品〉

〈334~ 337〉

1沙門、聖人 (brahmabba婆羅門 )︰指佛陀、辟支佛、阿拉漢。 2佛陀住喜瑪拉雅山時，發現當地受暴君統治，心想是否有法王子可以來 統治，魔波旬慫恿佛陀當國王。佛陀說此偈。

334若住于放逸，愛增如蔓蘿。此生又彼生，如猿求林果。 335若于此世界，為惡欲纏縛，憂苦日增長，如毘羅1得雨。 336若于此世界，降難降愛欲，憂苦自除落，如水滴蓮葉。 337我說此善事：汝等集于此，掘愛欲之根，如求毘羅那，

掘去其甜根。勿再為魔王，屢屢害汝等，如洪水侵葦。2

338. Just as a tree, though cut down, sprouts up again if its roots remain uncut and firm, even so, until the craving that lies dormant is rootedout, suffering springs up again and again. 339. The misguided man in whom The thirty-six currents of craving rush strongly toward pleasurable objects, is swept away by the flood ofhis passionate thoughts. 340. Everywhere these currents flow, and the creeper (of craving) sprouts and grows. Seeing that the creeper has sprung up, cut off its rootwith wisdom. 341. Flowing in (from all objects) and watered by craving, feelings of pleasure arise in beings. Bent on pleasures and seeking enjoyment, these men fall prey tobirthand decay. 1毘羅：Birana，岩蘭草、須芒草 (Andropogonmuricatum)。味道帶點青苔味， 屬于越陳越香的精油。原產地印度稱為「 Khas-khas」，所謂「鎮定之油」。 它能平和心情，穩定情緒，對付緊張，壓力造成的失眠。

2舍衛城的一群漁夫捕到一條漂亮的金色魚，就把它獻給國王，國王就帶 著魚去見世尊。這一條魚張開嘴巴時，口臭難聞，國王問佛陀原因。佛 陀說，迦葉佛時，這魚原是一名叫迦毗羅的比丘，由于嫻熟佛法，所以 有好名聲，但也因此貢高，瞧不起其他比丘。迦毗羅曾教導佛法，所以 具有金色魚身，但是他辱罵其他比丘和法，所以有口臭難聞。最後佛陀 告誡大眾要解行並重。

342. Beset by craving, people run about like an entrapped hare. Held fast by mental fetters, they come to suffering again and again for along time. 343. Beset by craving, people run about like an entrapped hare. Therefore, one who yearns to be passion-free should destroy his owncraving. sprout︰v.使萌芽 ;使生長。 The thirty-six currents of craving(三十六愛 ): the three cravings–for sensual pleasure, for continued existence, and for annihilation–in relation to each of thetwelve bases–the sixsense organs, including mind,andtheir corresponding objects. prey︰n.捕食。 v.掠奪，詐取。 Entrapped︰使投羅網。

〈338~ 343〉 338不傷深固根，雖伐樹還生。愛欲不斷根，苦生亦復爾。 339彼具三十六愛流1，勢強奔流向欲境，是則彼具邪見人，

為欲思惟漂蕩去。 340欲流處處流，蔓蘿2盛發芽。汝見蔓蘿生，以慧斷其根。 341世喜悅欲滋潤，亦喜馳逐六塵。彼雖向樂求樂，

1三十六愛： DhA.vv.338.~343./CS:pg.2.332.︰ 「iti ajjhattikassupadaya attharasa tanhavicaritani bahirassupadaya attharasa tanhavicaritani」ti.(內 有十八愛行，外有十八愛行，這是(三十六)愛行。)。十八愛行：眼.耳. 鼻.舌.身.意，各個的欲愛、有愛、無有愛 (不再生存的愛 )。內︰指自己。 外︰指他人。

2蔓蘿︰lata，藤蔓，攀緣植物。

124

但唯得于生滅。 342隨逐愛欲人，馳回如網兔。纏縛于煩惱，再再長受苦。 343隨逐愛欲人，馳回如網兔。比庫求無欲，故須自離欲。 1

344. There is one who, turning away from desire ( for household life) takes to the life of the forest (i.e. of a monk). But after being freed from the household, he runs back to it. Behold that man! Though freed, he runs back to thatverybondage! 345-346. That is not a strong fetter, the wise say, which is made of iron, wood or hemp. But the infatuation and longing for jewels and ornaments, children and spouses –that, they say, is a far stronger fetter, which pulls one downward and, though seemingly loose, is hard to remove. This, too, the wise cut off. Giving up sensual pleasure, and without any longing, they

1有一次，佛陀到王舍城托缽時，見到一只母豬，作了微笑。阿難尊者問 因緣，佛陀說︰「這只母豬在拘留孫佛 (Kakusandassa Bhagavato,這個賢 劫的第一尊佛，第二尊為拘那含佛，第三尊為釋迦牟尼佛 )時，住在附近 的母雞，有機會聽到唱誦毘缽舍那業處的法音，死後成為一位 Ubbari 公主，她有一天看到廁所的蛆蟲，生起蟲聚相 (pulavakasabbam)，得到初 禪，死亡後投生梵天，又經多次轉生，這一生 (因為惡業 )，生為豬，這 是我微笑的原因。」

renounce theworld.

hemp︰n.麻類； a.麻類植物的。

344舍欲 .喜林間 1，離欲復向欲，當觀于此人：解縛復向縛。 2

〈345~ 346〉 345鐵.木.麻作者，智說非堅縛。迷戀妻.子.財，是實為堅縛。 346能引墮落者，智說為堅縛。彼雖似寬緩，而實難解脫。

1舍欲.喜林間︰舍俗家生活之欲，喜愛在林間，過修行生活。

2一位出家又還俗的弟子，後來淪為小偷，將被處決時，因他的修持禪定， 表露鎮定，被劊子手感動，劊子手向國王報告，後來被釋放，世尊知道 後，說出此偈。此弟子後來又出家並證得初果。

斷此無著者，舍欲而出家。1

347. Those who are lust-infatuated fall back to the swirling current (of samsara) like a spider on its self-spun web. This too the wise cut off. Without any longing, they abandon all suffering and renounce theworld. 348. Let go of the past, let go of the future, let go of the present, and cross over to the farther shore of existence. With mind wholly liberated, you shall come no more to birthand death. 1一群比丘早上托缽時，看見拘薩羅王(Kosalarabbo)押解許多位破壞份子 (sandhicchedaka)、小偷 (panthaghataka)、殺手 (manussaghataka)、盜匪 (cora)。回到精舍後，他們向世尊報告被捕下獄的盜賊，並問世尊有沒有 比鐐銬更束縛的東西，世尊因此說出此偈。本段另譯作︰「鐵 .繩以及木， 或以葦之網，賢者不云縛；以心為迷醉，寶玉及珠環，系念妻與子，賢 者云強縛；牽引于此人，雖緩亦難離；無欲舍欲樂，斷此而出家。」 (cf. S.3.10.Bandhana(系縛)﹐《別譯雜阿含 62經》﹐ J.201.)。

348. For a person tormented by evil thoughts, who is passion- dominated and given to the pursuit of pleasure, his craving steadily grows. He makes the fetter strongindeed. 350. He who delights in subduing evil thoughts, who meditates on the impurities and is ever mindful –it is he who will make an end ofcraving and rend asunder Mara』s fetter. infatuated︰a.入迷的。

347彼耽于欲隨欲流，投自結網如蜘蛛。斷此縛而無著者， 離一切苦而遨游1。

348舍過.現.未來，而渡于彼岸。心解脫一切，不再受生老。

1離一切苦而遨游：anapekkhino(離) sabbadukkham(一切苦 ) pahaya(舍)，舍 離一切苦。巴利文無「遨游」之意。

2有一次，一個雜技團來王舍城表演。有一位名字叫做優迦紳那 (Uggaseno) 的年輕富家子在觀賞一位漂亮的女舞者的表演後，愛上她，跟她結婚。 婚後，他跟著這戲團到處去，但他只做雜役。因太太的諷刺，他就訓練 成為一位傑出的特技演員。後來，雜技團再度回到王舍城表演，優迦紳

〈349~ 350〉 349惡想所亂者，求樂欲熾然，彼欲倍增長，自作堅牢縛。 350喜離惡想者，常念于不淨。當除于愛欲，不為魔羅縛。1

351. He who has reached the goal, is fearless, free from craving, passionless, has plucked out the thorns of existence –for him this is thelast body. 352. He who is free from craving and attachment, is perfect in uncovering the true meaning of the Teaching, and knows the arrangement of the sacred texts in correct sequence –he, indeed, is the bearer of his final body. He is truly called the 那出場表演。這時候佛陀透過神通，知道他了解佛法的機緣成熟了。佛 陀就進入戲團表演的場地，並且運用神通使觀眾的注意力轉移到他身 上，而忘了喝采。優迦紳那心里不高興。佛陀就告誡他：「優迦紳那！ 有智慧的人不執著因緣和合的事物，反而精進修行，希望解脫生死輪 回。」優迦紳那就在竹竿上，立刻證得阿拉漢果。然後，他出家。佛陀 說優迦紳那出生在迦葉佛的那一世，某日，他和太太布施給一位比丘， 並許願：「尊者！願我們能如實知見佛法。」當時，那位阿拉漢比丘以 神通觀察未來，發現他們會達成願望，就微笑一下。優迦紳那並不知情， 反而輕蔑的說，這比丘像個戲子。由于他的輕浮，才會跟戲班去跑碼頭。

1一為女子愛上一為比丘，比丘也迷戀她，因此日漸憔悴。佛陀告誡他， 他過去世曾在怛剎尸羅國 (Takkasila,梵 Taksawila德叉尸羅，離波羅奈約 1500公里，佛世時的文教鼎盛的城市)學習弓箭，成為神弓箭手，弓箭 把女兒許配給他，有一天他殺到波羅奈(Baranasi)，遇上強盜，他用五十 支箭射死五十位強盜，弓箭用完了，他要他的太太拿刀給他，準備殺強 盜首領，但是當他的太太一見到首領，就愛上他，于是把刀交給首領， 他被首領殺死，他的太太跟首領遠走高飛，後來首領對她有疑慮，也遺 棄她。這位女子，就是過去世曾讓他喪生的那位女子。

profoundly wise one, the greatman.

353. A victor am I over all, all have I known, yet unattached am I to all that is conquered and known. Abandoning all, I am freed through the destruction of craving. Having thus directly comprehended all by myself, whomshall I calm my teacher? 354. The gift of Dhamma excels all gifts; the taste of Dhamma excels all tastes; the delight in Dhamma excels all delights. The Craving-Freed vanquishes all suffering. thorns︰n.惱人的事，有刺植物。

〈351~ 352〉

351達究竟處無畏，離愛欲.無垢穢，斷除生有之箭， 此為彼最後身。

352離欲.無染者，通達詞無礙，善知義與法，及字聚次第1，

1 nirittipadakovido為「通達詞與他句」，指四無礙解(catupatisambhida)─ ─詞義 (nirutti)、義理 (attha)、法 (dhamma原理)、辯才 (patibhana)。「字 聚次第」指辯才。

彼為最後身，大智大丈夫。1

353我降伏一切，我了知一切。一切法無染，離棄于一切，滅 欲得解脫，自證誰稱師？2

354諸施法施勝；諸味法味勝；諸喜法喜勝；除愛勝諸苦。3

355. Riches ruin only the foolish, not those in quest of theBeyond. By craving for riches the witless man ruins himself as well as others.

356. Weeds are the bane of fields, lust the bane of mankind. 1眾多比丘在非時 (vikale,過中午到隔日天亮 )來竹林精舍，羅睺羅尊者 (Rahulatthera)被安排在佛陀的香室 (Gandhakuti)門口睡覺。當時羅睺羅已 經證得阿拉漢果，晚上魔波旬來恐嚇，但是他不會害怕。佛陀說︰「如 此的百千個魔羅，我的兒子也不可能害怕，兒子已不發抖，無貪愛，大 精進，大智慧。」大丈夫︰mahapuriso。S.47.11.(世尊說)：「舍利弗！ 心解脫故，我稱之為大丈夫；心未解脫者，則不稱為大丈夫。」

2佛陀成道後往鹿野苑途中，遇邪命外道優波迦 (Upako)，他問佛陀，佛陀 以此句回答。優波迦接著問法，佛陀就跟他開示。聽法後，優波迦不置 可否，搖頭伸舌，就離開了。 (DhA.CS:pg.2.350；M.26./I,171.；cf. Vin.I,p.8.)

3有一次，忉利天神聚集在一起討論四個問題，但無法得到最佳的答案。 最後，帝釋和他們一齊赴祇樹給孤獨園去見佛陀，向佛陀提出他們的四 個問題：(1)什么是最佳的禮物？(2)什么是味道最好的東西？(3)什么是 最喜悅的事？ (4)為什么棄絕愛欲最卓越？ (「kataraｍ danaｍ nu kho danesu, kataro raso rasesu, katarａ rati ratisu jetthaka, tanhakkhayova kasmａ jetthakoti vuccati」ti?)佛陀回答道：「 (1)所有的禮物，佛法是最高尚的，

(2)所有的味，法味最上味的。(3)所有的喜，法喜是最上喜的。(4)棄絕 愛欲，勝過所有苦。」 (「Sabbadanaｍ dhammadanaｍ jinati, Sabbarasaｍ dhammaraso jinati. Sabbaratiｍ dhammarati jinati, Tanhakkhayo sabbadukkhaｍ jinati」ti.) Therefore what is offered to those free of lust yields abundant fruit.

355財富毀滅愚人，決非求彼岸者。愚人為財欲害， 自害如害他人。1

1本則為無子富翁 (Aputtakasetthi)的故事。無子富翁身後無子女繼承，全部 財產悉數入公庫。波斯匿王前接收富翁的財產之後，來見佛陀，報告那 位富翁生前非常吝嗇，從來沒有做過一件善事，自己不舍得花錢，省吃 儉用一生只穿粗布衣裳。佛陀說，那富翁前世也是一位富翁：有一天， 當一位獨覺佛來到他家托缽，他叫妻子隨便布施點食物。那富翁在路上

〈356~ 359〉 356雜草害田地，貪欲害世人。施與離貪者，故得大果報。 357雜草害田地，瞋恚害世人。施與離瞋者，故得大果報。 358雜草害田地，愚癡害世人。施與離癡者，故得大果報。 359雜草害田地，欲望害世人。施與離欲者，故得大果報。1

357. Weeds are the bane of fields, hatred is the bane of mankind. Therefore what is offered to those free of hatred yields abundant fruit. 358. Weeds are the bane of fields, delusion is the bane of mankind. Therefore what is offered to those free of delusion yields abundant fruit. 359. Weeds are the bane of fields, desire is the bane of mankind. Therefore, what is offered to those free of desire yields abundant fruit.