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21 -Miscellaneous (Dh.290-305) 二十一、雜品

21 -Miscellaneous (Dh.290-305)

  1. If by renouncing a lesser happiness one may realize a greater happiness, let the wise man renounce the lesser, having regard for the greater. 291. Entangled by the bonds of hate, he who seeks his own happiness by inflicting pain on others, is never be delivered fromhatred. 292. The cankers only increase, for those who are arrogant and heedless, who leave undone what should be done and do what should notbe done. 293. The cankers cease for those mindful and clearly comprehending ones who always earnestly practise mindfulness of the body, who do not resort to what should not be done, and steadfastly pursue what should be done.

inflict︰v.給予(打擊),使遭受 (損傷等 ),強加。

〈二十一、雜品〉

290若棄于小樂,得見于大樂。智者棄小樂,當見于大樂。1

291施與他人苦,為求自己樂;彼為瞋系縛,怨憎不解脫。2

〈292~ 293〉 292應作而不作,不應作而作,傲慢放逸者,彼之漏增長。 293常精勤觀身,不作不應作,應作3則常作,觀者漏滅盡。

1毘舍離(Vesali廣嚴城)發生了飢荒等諸災難,遭受三種災厄難:飢荒、 非人與瘟疫。于是諸離車 (Licchavi)為了平息災難,想到從王舍城邀請世 尊來毘舍離。當時頻婆娑羅王正在服侍世尊。頻婆娑羅王同意讓世尊前 往,並先行整頓道路。世尊一來到毘舍離,就在那一刻,下著傾盆大雨, 把城里沖洗乾乾淨淨。而帝釋天王便與衆神到來,由于擁有大威力的衆 神降臨,多數的非人都逃跑了。世尊停在城門之處,向阿難尊者說道: 「阿難!學此《寶經》,然後以缽盛水,帶著衆離車王子,在三道城牆 之間繞著走地誦此經作爲保護。」阿難尊者依照指示去了,很多生病的 人就恢復健康。世尊一連七天都講《寶經》,之後毘舍離就恢復正常。

2舍衛城中有一位婦人養了一只母雞。每次母雞下蛋時,這婦人就打破雞 蛋,惹得母雞非常生氣,因此結下未來世冤冤相報的因緣。在佛陀出世 的這一生,這婦女在某個場合,認出有個人是夜叉的化身,而且是自己 累世以來的世仇。她趕緊帶著孩子,急忙逃進佛陀的住處。佛陀叫惡魔 進來,告誡她們兩人:「仇恨無法平息仇恨。」仔細思量佛陀的教誨後, 夜叉就歸依,受了五戒,仇恨也解開了。

3應作︰應作的事,指勤修戒 .定.慧。

4住在跋提 (Bhaddiya)的比丘對制作拖鞋有興趣,而疏忽修行。佛陀責備他 們:「諸比丘!你們是為了某事 (abbenakiccena指解脫 )而來,但你們卻 精力充沛作他事 (abbasmimyeva kicce制造拖鞋 )。」聽完佛陀的勸誡後,

  1. Having slain mother (craving), father (self-conceit), two warrior kings (eternalism and nihilism), and destroyed a country (sense organs and sense objects) together with its treasurer (attachment and lust), ungrieving goes theholy man. 295. Having slain mother, father, two Brahmin kings (two extreme views), and a tiger as the fifth (the five mental hindrances), ungrieving goes the holy man. 296.Those disciples of Gotama ever awaken happily who day and night constantly practise the recollection of the Qualities of the Buddha.

  2. Those disciples ofGotama ever awaken happily who day and night constantly practise the Recollection of theQualities of the Dhamma. 298. Those disciples ofGotama ever awaken happily who day and night constantly practise the recollection of the Qualities of the Savgha. 299. Those disciples ofGotama ever awaken happily who day and night constantly practise Mindfulness ofthe Body. 300. Those disciples of Gotama ever awaken happily whose minds by day and night delight in thepractice ofnon-violence. 301. Those disciples of Gotama ever awaken happily whose minds by day and night delight in thepractice ofmeditation. 這群比丘就精進用功。

eternalism︰n.常見。 nihilism︰n.斷見。 recollection︰n.回憶,記憶。

〈294~ 295〉 294殺愛欲母與慢父,殺剎帝利族二王1, 破王國.殺其從臣2,趨向無憂婆羅門。 295殺愛欲母與慢父,殺婆羅門族二王, 殺其虎將第五疑3,趨向無憂4婆羅門。5

〈296~ 301〉 296喬達摩弟子,常善自醒覺,無論晝與夜,彼常念佛陀。 297喬達摩弟子,常善自醒覺,無論晝與夜,彼常念達摩。 298喬達摩弟子,常善自醒覺,無論晝與夜,彼常念僧伽。 299喬達摩弟子,常善自醒覺,無論晝與夜,彼常念于身6。

1剎帝利族二王︰即常見(sassata-ditthi)–對一些事物懷有永存的觀念,與斷

見(uccheda-ditthi)–對一些事物懷有偶然的觀念。 2王國︰rattham,即六根與六境。從臣,sanucaram,即即欲望。 3第五疑:veyyaggha-pabcamam,第五虎,在此說「疑」,說是五蓋。

DhA.CS:pg.2.284.︰「第五虎:此處是說,有害的、惡行道的老虎的虎

隨行,疑蓋相似于老虎,那「第五」是第五蓋–第五虎。」 4無憂:無惱亂。DhA:A AAAAn nnnnN iiiigh ghghghgho ooootiniddukkho.(無惱亂:無苦。) 5某次,侏儒跋提(Lakundakabhaddiyatthera)從佛陀的附近經過,佛陀跟諸

比丘說︰「他已殺父殺母,已無苦惱。」說了之後,諸比丘想︰「大師 怎么這樣說?」面面相覷後,陷入疑惑。(問︰)「大德!這怎么說呢?」 佛陀說了偈頌。

6身:在此指身體的發、毛、爪、齒、皮等三十二種成份,明白身體的不 清淨,而不執著。DhA:身至念:指住念于三十二種身體的成份,或九 種墳墓觀,或四界差別觀,或自己的藍遍處等色禪,或已形成的『念』。)

300喬達摩弟子,常善自醒覺,無論晝與夜,常樂不殺生。 301喬達摩弟子,常善自醒覺,無論晝與夜,心常樂禪定。

  1. Difficult is life as a monk; difficult is it to delight therein. Also difficult and sorrowful is household life. Suffering comes from association with unequals, suffering comes from wandering in samsara. Therefore, be not an aimless wanderer, be nota pursuer ofsuffering. 303. He who is full of faith and virtue, and possesses good repute and wealth—he is respected everywhere, in whatever land he travels. 304. The good shine even from afar, like the Himalaya mountain. But thewicked are unseen, like arrows shotin the night. 305. He who sits alone, sleeps alone and walks alone, who is strenuous and subdues himself alone, will find delight in the solitude ofthe forest. samsara︰n.輪迴。 solitude︰n.隱居,孤獨,寂寞

302出家愛樂難1,在家生活難2,非儔共住苦3, 輪迴往來苦。故不應往來,隨從于痛苦。4

303正信而具戒,得譽及財5者,彼至于何處,處處受尊敬。

6

304善名揚遠方,高顯如雪山7。惡者如夜射,雖近不能見。

1出家愛樂難:DhA.:「難出家:舍棄少量或大量的財產和親戚的圈子, 在教中給予出家為苦。」 DhA.:「難喜樂:如此出家,不全面喜樂于努 力以乞食行為生計,住于填滿無量的戒蘊,保護法隨法的行道。」

2在家生活難︰DhA.:「在家難住苦:因為住家 (身為在家人 ),要作國王 的國王差事,要作主人的主人差事;款待隨從、沙門、婆羅門;雖然這 樣居家,像有破裂的水壺難以添滿的,像大海難以添滿的。所以居家有 難住之苦,以這個原因說是苦。」

3非儔共住苦:與不同種姓者共處是苦事;出家則無種姓之分,講究平等。

4毘舍離(Vesali)徹夜慶典,跋耆子比丘 (Vajjiputtakabhikkhu,他是金剛國 的王子 (Vajjirattherajaputto))聽到奏樂器,演奏小聲、大聲,跋耆子比丘 自哀自怨說︰「我們獨住阿蘭若,猶如森林之棄木;像這樣的夜晚,有 誰比我們更受罪?」。住在林中的樹神為了激勵他,說︰「你獨住蘭若, 像森林棄木,眾人羨慕你;像墮地獄者,羨慕生天者。」他聽了之後, 隔天去拜見佛陀提及此事。佛陀說偈鼓勵他。 (DhA.v.302./CS:pg.2.289;

S.9.9./I,202.;cf.《雜阿含 1340經》) 5財:指七聖財,信、戒、慚、愧、聞、施、慧。 6本偈頌為質多長者 (Cittagahapati)而說。質多長者聽聞具壽舍利子說法證 得第三果之後,由于他慷慨布施,天神卻不斷地補充他的供養品。

7雪山:Himavanto,即︰喜瑪拉雅山 (Himalaya)。

8本偈頌為世尊因給孤獨長者的女兒小善賢 (Culasubhadda)的遠邀應供而

說的。小善賢嫁給給孤獨長者的同門學長郁伽城 (Ugganagara)的郁伽居 士(Uggo郁瞿婁 )的兒子,有一天小善賢向婆婆說佛陀的殊勝,婆婆急著想見佛陀,所以就允准她邀請佛陀前來供養。小善賢遙向舍衛城邀請佛 陀來接受供養,隔日,佛陀和比丘們到郁伽居士家去接受供養。

305獨坐與獨臥,獨行而不倦,彼獨自調御,喜樂于林中。1

1單獨住長老 (Ekaviharitthera伊卡非哈如長老 )喜獨住,共住在一起的其他 比丘批評他,但是世尊以偈讚歎他。

開佛知見,示佛知見,使悟佛知見,入佛知見也。