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20 -ThePath(Dh.273-289) 二十、道品

20 -ThePath(Dh.273-289)

  1. Of all paths the Eightfold Path is the best; of all truths the Four Noble Truths are the best; of all things passionlessness is the best; ofmen the Seeing One (the Buddha) is the best. 274. This is the only path; there is none other for the purification ofinsight. Tread this path, and you will bewilder Mara. 275.Walking upon this path you will make an end of suffering. Having discovered how to pull out the thorn of lust, I make known thepath.

  2. You yourselves must strive; the Buddhas only point the way. Those meditative ones who tread the pathare released from the bonds ofMara. 277.」All conditioned things are impermanent」 –when one sees this with wisdom, one turns away from suffering. This is the pathtopurification.

  3. 「All conditioned things are unsatisfactory」 –when one sees this with wisdom, one turns away from suffering. This is the pathtopurification. bewilder︰v.使迷惑。

〈二十、道品〉

〈273~276〉1 273八支.道中勝,四句 .諦中勝,離欲 .法中勝,具眼 .兩足勝2。 274實唯此一道。無余知見淨。汝等順此行。魔為之惑亂。 275汝順此道行,使汝苦滅盡。知我所說道,得除去荊棘。 276汝當自努力!如來唯說者。隨禪定行者,解脫魔系縛。3

277「一切行無常4」,以慧5觀照時,得厭離于苦, 此乃清淨道。6

278「一切行是苦」,以慧觀照時,得厭離于苦,此乃清淨道。

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279.「All thingsarenot-self」 –whenoneseesthiswithwisdom,one

1據說,斯里蘭卡比丘在重大事件會議長呼此句口號。

2本句白話︰「所有道中,八聖道最殊勝;所有諦(真理)中,四聖諦最殊 勝;所有法中,離欲法 (涅槃)最殊勝;所有兩足 (人類)中,具眼 (佛陀)最 殊勝。」

3佛陀跟眾多比丘人間游行之後,又回到舍衛城,眾多比丘回來之後都在 討論沿途山勢、路況。佛陀觀察他們證得阿拉漢果的時機成熟。佛陀說︰ 「諸比丘!你們所談論是外在的道路,名為比丘的應該關注聖道的生起, 這樣的話,才能從一切苦解脫出來。」接著佛陀說出此偈。

4一切行無常:即一切有為法無常。但不包括概念法與無為法(涅槃),概

念法與無為法都不是無常或苦。 5慧:指觀智,修習禪定,進而觀察微細名色法的無常或苦或無我。 6本偈說一群比丘到阿蘭若去精進用功,尚未證得阿拉漢果。他去見佛陀

想取得業處在繼續用功。佛陀想︰「什么是適當的?」于是觀察到在迦 葉佛時,他們曾經練習過無常相兩萬年,因此,佛陀就以一個偈頌來教 導無常相。

7佛陀說諸蘊有壓迫之苦 (patipilanatthenadukkha),因此說偈。

102

turnsawayfromsuffering. Thisisthepathtopurification.

  1. The idler who does not exert himself when he should, who though young and strong is full of sloth, with a mind full of vain thoughts –such an indolent man does not find the path to wisdom. 281. Let a man be watchful of speech, well controlled in mind, and not commit evil bodily action. Let him purify these three courses of action, and win the path made known by the Great Sage. 282. Wisdom springs from meditation, without meditation wisdom wanes. Having known these two paths of progress and decline, let a man so conduct himself that his wisdom may increase. 279「一切法無我」,以慧觀照時,得厭離于苦,此乃清淨道。 1佛陀說︰「諸蘊以無法控制之意稱為無我 (avasavattanatthena anatta)。」

280當努力時不努力,年雖少壯陷怠惰,意志消沈又懶弱, 怠者不以智得道。1

281慎語而制意,不以身作惡。淨此三業2道,得聖所示道。

3

282由瑜伽4生智,無瑜伽慧滅。了知此二道,及其得與失, 當自努力行,增長于智慧。5

因此說偈。

1本偈說「精進持法帝沙長老」(Padhanakammikatissatthera)的因緣,舍衛 城有五百位良家子出家,除了他一人留下來,其他全部到阿蘭若去禪修。 經過一段時間後,他們全都證得阿拉漢果。那位未去禪修的帝沙比丘, 後悔曾經浪費時光,他就下定決心,要徹夜禪修。當天晚上在經行幾萬 步後,打瞌睡,他不小心在石板上滑倒,跌斷大腿骨。佛陀知道之後, 說:「諸比丘!先前不知精進,現在你們有了障礙。」

2三業:指身業、語業、意業。

3大目犍連尊者有一次和勒叉那比丘下山時,看見一只三伽浮他(tigavuta, 約九公里)的豬面人身、悲慘的餓鬼。這時候,大目犍連尊者只是微笑。 回到精舍時,勒叉那比丘問尊者,因何微笑?尊者才回答。佛陀在菩提 場(證道的地方),也曾親眼目睹該餓鬼,佛陀說該餓鬼的前世因緣:在 迦葉佛時,這餓鬼是一位會說法的比丘。有一次,他到有兩位比丘居住 的一處精舍去。停留期間,他發現當地的人歡喜聽他說法,他就想獨占 該精舍,于是分化離間這兩位比丘,使他們爭論不休,終于都離開精舍。 因為這惡業,他在死後,長期遭受苦報。 瑜伽: yoga,在此指禪定。 DhA.CS:pg.2.264.︰ yo yoyoyoyog gggga aaaati atthatimsayaarammanesu yoniso manasikara.(瑜伽:以三十八種所緣作為從根源作意。)

5波思拉(Potthilatthera)是一位通三藏的比丘,但是尚未得禪、證果,受到 佛陀的激勵之後,寧願以低姿態,在一位沙馬內拉的指導下,證得阿拉 漢果。《大莊嚴論經》(44)(T4.297.1)︰「復次,雖不入見諦,修學多聞 力,諸魔不能動,應勤修學問。」可見在教中,通達經論,並非被排斥。

  1. Cut down the forest (of lust), but not the tree, fromthe forest springs fear. Having cut down theforestand the underbrush, be passionless, O monks! 284. For so long as the underbrush ofdesire, even the most subtle, of a man towards a woman is not cut down, his mind is in bondage, like the sucking calf toits mother. 285. Cut off your affection in the manner a man plucks with his hand an autumn lotus. Cultivate only the path to peace, Nibbana, as made known by the Exalted One. 286. 「Here shall I live during the rains, here in winter and summer」 –thus thinks the fool. He does not realize the danger (thatdeathmight intervene). 287. As a great flood carries away a sleeping village, so death seizes and carries away the man with a clinging mind, doting onhis children and cattle. 288. For him who is assailed by death there is no protection by kinsmen. None there are to save him –no sons, nor father nor relatives. 289. Realizing this fact, let the wise man, restrained by morality, hasten to clear the pathleading to Nibbana. underbrush︰n.矮樹叢。 intervene︰v.介于中間。 dote︰v.溺愛。

〈283~ 284〉 283應伐欲稠林1,勿伐于樹木。從欲林生怖,當脫欲稠林。 284男女欲絲絲,未斷心猶系;如飲乳犢子,不離于母牛。2

285自己斷除愛情,如以手折秋蓮。勤修寂靜之道。 善逝3所說涅槃。

286「雨季我住此,冬夏亦住此」,此為愚夫想,而不覺危險。

287溺愛子與畜,其人心惑著,死神捉將去,如瀑流睡村。5

〈288~ 289〉 288父子與親戚,莫能為救護。彼為死所制,非親族能救。 289了知此義已,智者持戒律,通達涅槃路──迅速令清淨。 6

1應伐欲稠林:Vanam chindathamarukkham,vana,喻欲望、煩惱。

2舍衛城里有五位朋友,年老了才一起出家。他們習慣回老家去托缽,其 中一位的妻子烹飪手藝很好,並且妥善照顧他們,因此他們最常去她那 里托缽。有一天,她死了。五位老比丘十分傷心。佛陀告誡:「諸比丘! 你們倚賴染、瞋、癡森林,才有苦。砍掉森林,這樣就不會有苦。」

3善逝:Sugato,是佛陀的名稱,善淨行的人, 1.他行中道行,沒有斷見、 常見或極端苦、樂行。 2.他善說真、實、有利益的法。

4從波羅奈 (Baranasi)來舍衛城賣紡織品的商人,他想把商品賣完再回去, 佛陀看出來他的壽命只剩七天,阿難尊者轉告他,請他修習正念,他心 生恐懼,往後七天中,都供養佛陀和諸比丘,聞法後,他證得須陀洹果。 死後往生兜率天。

5本則偈頌故事同 114偈,吉離舍瞿曇彌 (Kisagotami)的故事。 6本則偈頌故事同 113偈,波羅遮那 (Pata cara)的故事。她死了丈夫、兩個兒子、父母、和唯一的哥哥。佛陀說偈安撫她。

開佛知見,示佛知見,使悟佛知見,入佛知見也。