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18 -Impurity (Dh.235-255) 十八、垢穢品

18 -Impurity (Dh.235-255)

  1. Like a withered leaf are you now; death』s messengers await you. You stand on the eve of your departure, yet you have made no provision for your journey! 236. Make an island for yourself! Strive hard and become wise! Rid of impurities and cleansed of stain, you shall enter the celestial abode ofthe Noble Ones. irritability︰n.易怒。 withered︰a.枯萎的。

〈十八、垢穢品〉

〈235~ 238〉

235汝今已似枯燋葉,閻魔使者近身邊。汝已佇立死門前,旅 途汝亦無資糧1。

236汝宜自造安全洲2,迅速精勤為智者。拂除塵垢無煩惱, 得達諸天之聖境3。

  1. Your life has come to an end now; you are setting forth into the presence of Yama, the King of Death. No resting place is there for you on the way, yet you have made no provision for your journey! 238. Make an island for yourself! Strive hard and become wise! Rid of impurities and cleansed of stain, you shall not come again tobirthand decay. 239.One by one, little by little, moment by moment, a wise man should remove his own impurities, as a smith removes the dross fromsilver.

  2. Just as rust arising from iron eats away the base from which it 1旅途資糧:patheyyam道路資糧。DhpA.︰「道路資糧︰好像是旅客的米 等道路資糧,對正要往他世者來說,則是沒有善的道路資糧之意。」

2自造安全洲︰karohi dipamattano,你應該做自己的洲。「做自己的洲」 是指善業。 S.1.32./I,18.︰「Pubbani paralokasmim, patittha honti paninan」ti. (諸功德在後世,有息者立足處。 )

3諸天之聖境︰Dibbam ariyabhumim,指色界天的淨居天 (suddhavasa,m.)。 只有阿那含才能投生。 DhpA.︰「諸天之聖境:如此這努力,已破壞諸 染、諸垢的狀態。排瀉掉垢、穢,無穢,無污染,也就是說將圓滿五種 純淨住地之意。」

arises, evenso,their owndeedslead transgressors tostatesofwoe.

  1. Non-repetition is the bane of scriptures; neglect is the bane of a home; slovenliness is the bane of personal appearance, and heedlessness is thebane of aguard. 242. Unchastity is the taint in a woman; niggardliness is the taint in a giver. Taints, indeed, are all evil things, both in this world and thenext. 243. A worse taint than these is ignorance, the worst of all taints. Destroythis onetaint and become taintless, O monks! settingforth︰提出。 provision︰n.資糧。 transgressor︰n.犯法者。 bane︰

n.禍根。 slovenly︰a.懶散的。 unchastity︰n.不貞。 niggardly︰a.吝嗇的。 237汝今壽命行已終,汝已移步近閻魔。道中既無停息處, 旅途汝亦無資糧。

238汝宜自造安全洲,迅速精勤為智者。拂除塵垢無煩惱, 不復重來生與老。1

1舍衛城有位屠牛夫,每餐必須有咖哩牛肉飯。有一天,他前往河中沐浴, 當他離家後,他的一位朋友勸他妻子把牛肉賣掉,所以當天就沒有咖哩 牛肉飯。他非常生氣,就跑到後院去,割下一只公牛的舌頭,烘焙後坐 下來吃。吃飯時,但卻咬斷自己的舌頭,死于非命,並且往生到惡趣。 他的妻子嚇到,便勸他的兒子離開家鄉。她的兒子就到怛剎尸羅去當金 匠,結婚生子。後來,返回舍衛城。金匠的兒子們都是佛教徒,擔心父 親一生中沒有做過任何的善行。有一天,他們以父親的名義供養佛陀和 諸比丘。請佛陀跟他們的父親開示,佛陀說:「你老了,你的身體像枯 葉,你不要沒有來世善的旅途資糧做立足處,要聰明一點,不要笨笨的。」

239剎那.剎那間,智者分分除,漸拂自垢穢,如冶工鍛金。1

240如鐵自生鏽,生已自腐蝕,犯罪者亦爾,自業導惡趣。

241不誦經典穢,不勤為家穢,懶惰為色穢,放逸護衛穢2。

〈242~ 243〉 242邪行婦人穢,吝嗇施者穢。此界及他界,惡法實為穢。 243此等諸垢中,無明垢為最,汝當除此垢,成無垢比庫!

  1. Easy is life for the shameless one who is as impudent as a crow, back-biting and forward, arrogant and corrupt. 245. Difficult is life for the modest one who always seeks purity, is detached and unassuming, clean in life, and discerning. 246-247. One who destroys life, utters lies, takes what is not given, goes to another man』s wife, and is addicted to intoxicating drinks—such a man digs up his own root even in this veryworld.

  2. Know this, O good man: evil things are difficult to control. Let not greedand wickedness dragyou to protracted misery. 1有一次,一位婆羅門看見一群比丘在整裝,準備去托缽。他發現到有的 比丘的袈裟碰到草地上的雨露而沾濕了,他就除草。第二天,他發現有 的比丘的袈裟碰地而弄髒了,他就用細砂鋪路。某日。大熱天,他發現 比丘汗流浹背,他就蓋一座涼亭。下雨天,他發現還是會被雨水淋濕, 就蓋一間休息的房舍。房舍蓋好時,他邀請佛陀和眾多比丘接受供養。 佛陀說︰「婆羅門啊!有智慧的人一點一滴的完成善行。同時,慢慢地, 但持續不斷的去除心中的煩惱。」

2不誦經典是 (學習的)污垢,不勤勞是房屋的污垢,懶惰是美貌的污垢, 放逸是守護的污垢。

  1. People give according totheir faith or regard. If one becomes discontented with the food and drink given by others, one does notattain meditative absorption, either by dayor by night. 250. But he in whom this (discontent) is fully destroyed, uprooted and extinct, he attains absorption, bothby dayand by night. impudent︰a.無禮的。 arrogant︰a.傲慢的。 protracted︰a.拖延的。

〈244~ 245〉

244生活無慚愧,鹵莽如烏鴉,詆毀于他人,大膽自夸張, 傲慢邪惡者,其人生活易。

245生活于慚愧,常求于清淨,不著欲謙遜,住清淨生活, 富于識見者,其人生活難1。

1小沙利比丘 (Culasari)與舍利弗尊者的同住,他懂得醫理。有一天,他看 完一位病人後,他向尊者說自己醫療後,得到美食做為醫療的報酬。他 請舍利弗尊者與他分享這些美味。但舍利弗尊者一言不發地離去。比丘 議論紛紛去見佛陀。佛陀說︰「諸比丘!無慚者不計後果,形同烏鴉 (按︰ 烏鴉有偷盜行為 ),二十一種錯誤的謀生方式生活較快樂,具足慚者生活 較苦。」台諺也有:「做惡做毒﹐騎馬轆硞;好心好行﹐無衫通穿。」 (co3ok4co3tok8\ khia5be2lok8khok8\ ho2sim1ho2hing7\bo5sann1 thang1 ching7)

〈246~ 248〉 246若人于世界,殺生.說妄語,取人所不與,犯于別人妻。 247及耽湎飲酒,行為如是者,即于此世界,毀掘自善根。 248如是汝應知:不制則為惡;莫貪與非法,自陷于永苦。1

〈249~ 250〉 249若信樂故施。心嫉他得食,彼于晝或夜,不得入三昧。 250若斬斷此心,拔根及除滅,則于晝或夜,彼得入三昧。2

  1. There is no fire like lust; there is no grip like hatred; there is no net like delusion; thereis no river like craving.

  2. Easily seen is the fault of others, but his own are difficult to see. Like chaff one winnows another』s faults, but hides his own, even as a crafty fowler hides behind sham branches.

  3. He who seeks another』s faults, who is ever censorious –his cankers grow. He is far fromdestructionofthe cankers.

  4. There is no track in the sky, and no recluse outside (the 1有一次,五位在家優婆塞到祇樹給孤獨園去持戒,他們各自守五戒中的 一戒,每個人都說自己所守的戒最難做到,最難遵守。因此爭論不休, 他們就向佛陀報告他們各自的見解,佛陀說:「所有戒律都難于遵守。」

2年輕人提舍 (Tissadahara)會蔑視他人的善行。他甚至蔑視給孤獨長者和毘 舍佉布施給五十萬聖弟子 (pabcannam ariyasavakakotinam)。他更吹噓說, 他的親戚都非常富有,像大寺院接受四方來的比丘。有些比丘懷疑,就 去調查,結果發現他的親戚都很貧窮,提舍所說的全不實在。

Buddha』s dispensation). Mankind delights in worldliness, but the Buddhas are free fromworldliness.

  1. There is no track in the sky, and no recluse outside (the Buddha』s dispensation). There are no conditioned things that are eternal, and no instability in theBuddhas.

251無火等于貪欲,無執著如瞋恚,無網等于愚癡, 無河流如愛欲。1

252易見他人過,自見則為難。揚惡如颺糠,已過則覆匿,

1本句白話翻譯︰「沒有像貪欲的火,沒有像瞋恚的執著,沒有像愚痴的 網,沒有像愛欲的河流。」說此本偈的因緣是,有一次佛陀在說法時, 五位居士當中有四位沒有專心在聽。這四位沒有專心在聽的人,過去世 當過蛇 (聽法時打瞌睡 )、地下生物 (聽法時刮地 )、猴子 (聽法時搖樹 )、星 象家(聽法時看天 ),因此習性猶在。

如彼狡博者1,隱匿其格利2。3

253若見他人過,心常易忿4者,增長于煩惱;去斷惑遠矣。

〈254~ 255〉 254虛空無道跡,外道無沙門。眾生喜虛妄,如來無虛妄。 255虛空無道跡,外道無沙門。五蘊無常住,諸佛無動亂。

開佛知見,示佛知見,使悟佛知見,入佛知見也。