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14 -TheBuddha (Dh.179-196) 十四、佛陀品

14 -TheBuddha (Dh.179-196)

  1. By what track can you trace that trackless Buddha of limitless range, whose victorynothing can undo, whom none of the vanquished defilements can ever pursue? 180. By what track can you trace that trackless Buddha of limitless range, in whom exists no longer the entangling and embroiling craving that perpetuates becoming? 181. Those wise ones who are devoted to meditation and who delight in the calm of renunciation –such mindful ones, Supreme Buddhas, even the gods hold dear.

generosity︰ n.慷慨。 Stream-entry(sotapatti)︰ the first stage of supramundaneattainment.(須陀洹︰出世間體證的第一階 ) sovereignty︰n.主權,統治權。 entangle︰v.纏住。 embroil︰v.使混亂。 perpetuate︰v.使永久存在。

〈十四、佛陀品〉

〈179~180〉 179彼之勝利無能勝,敗者于世無可從,佛智無邊.無行跡4, 汝復以何而誑惑? 180彼已不具于結縛,愛欲難以誘使去,佛智無邊.無行跡, 汝復以何而誑惑?

1一乘法:ekam dhammam(一法),是指真理 (saccam諦)。

2在舍衛城,信佛法者日增,信外道者日減。于是外道就慫恿一位美麗的 女信徒辛迦摩娜薇卡 (Cibcamanavika)假裝跟佛陀懷孕,並要佛陀當眾出丑。正在聚眾說法的場面,她出面指責佛陀,但是正當此時,綁在她的腰部的繩子斷了,她的技倆就被拆穿了。大眾中很多人譴責她。這時候, 她擔心自己的安危,趕快逃跑。但跑不了多遠,就不幸發生意外而慘死。

3預流果:sotapattiphalam,即初果、須陀洹果,證悟預流果即入聖人的行列,它斷除了三結──身見 (我見,以為有永恆不變的我 )、疑 (懷疑因果、 緣起、佛 .法.僧)、戒禁取見 (邪因以為正因,邪道以為正道 )。

4佛智無邊 .無行跡:佛陀的智慧無邊 (指具有「一切知智」 sabbabbuta-bana)。 無行跡 (anantagocaram)指無任何貪愛、無明之行為。

181智者修禪定1,喜出家.寂靜2,正念 .正覺者,天人所敬愛。

  1. Hard is it to be born a human; hard is the life of mortals. Hardis it togain theopportunity tohear the Sublime Truth, and hard to encounter is the arising of theBuddhas. 183. To avoid all evil, to cultivate good, and to cleanse his mind - this is theteaching ofthe Buddhas. 184. Enduring patience is the highest austerity. 「Nibbana is supreme,」 say the Buddhas. He is not a true monk who harms another, nor a realrenunciate who oppresses others. 185. Notdespising, not harming, restraint according to thecode of monastic discipline, moderation in food, dwelling in solitude, devotionto meditation –this is theteaching ofthe Buddhas. 186-187. There is no satisfying sensual desires, even with a rain of gold coins. For sensual pleasures give little satisfaction and much pain. Having understood this, the wise man finds no delight even in heavenly pleasures. The disciple ofthe Supreme Buddha delights in the destruction ofcraving.

1修禪定:DhA.:「凡是徹底從事禪那︰即思慮「相」、思慮「所緣」,在這 兩種禪那上,會合應用:轉向、進入 (定)、立足 (定)、出定、省察 (等五自在 )。」 2出家寂靜:nekkhammupasama,離欲 .寂靜。

endure︰v.忍耐,持續。 austerity︰n.苦行。

182得生人道難,生得壽終難,得聞正法難,遇佛出世難。1

〈183~185〉

183一切惡莫作,一切善應行,自調淨其意,是則諸佛教。2

184諸佛說涅槃最上,忍辱為最高苦行。害他實非出家者, 惱他不名為沙門。

185不誹與不害,嚴持于戒律3,飲食知節量,遠處而獨居, 勤修增上定4,是為諸佛教。5

1霍香葉龍王 (Erakapatta伊羅鉢多)在迦葉佛時為一比丘,因後悔拔霍香葉, 持戒不圓滿,死後投生為一條獨木舟大小的龍王。霍香葉龍王派美麗的 女兒每半個月到人間唱歌跳舞,兼出問題,如果可以全部解答就可能娶 她為妻。題目是︰「誰是主宰王?誰是染污王?怎樣評論離染?怎樣評論 愚蠢?」一位年輕人正要走去回答問題。佛陀觀察他有證果的潛力,于是 在中途攔下,告訴他正確答案︰「主宰六門者稱王。受染污者為染污王。 無染者為離染。染者稱為愚蠢。」他當下就證初果。他對龍女的欲望也消 失,不夠他仍然前往回答。龍王知道有佛陀已出世,就跟他去見佛陀。佛 陀說此偈。 (《佛本行集經》卷第三十七 ~八,T3.825.3 ff.;cf.《大比丘三 千威儀》卷上 ,T24.913.2)

2 Sabbapapassa akaranam, kusalassa upasampada, sacittapariyodapanam, etam Buddhanasasanam.本偈一般流傳:「諸惡莫作,眾善奉行,自淨其意, 是諸佛教。」原意是︰「一切惡不作,具足眾善,淨化自心,這是一切佛陀所教示的。」

3嚴持于戒律︰patimokkheca samvaro,即比丘守護比丘戒 (波羅提木叉 )。

4增上定︰即增上心( adhicitta)指禪定,四禪、四空定。

5有一次,阿難尊者請教佛陀,過去七佛的父母、壽量、菩提、聲聞眾、 上首聲聞眾、上首侍者、所有的講說、不說布薩、為什么他們不說布薩? 其他的佛陀又如何?佛陀回答說,所有諸佛的佛法都是一樣的,佛陀馬

〈186~187〉 186即使雨金錢,欲心不滿足。智者知淫欲,樂少而苦多! 187故彼于天欲,亦不起希求。正覺者弟子,希滅于愛欲。1

  1. Driven by fear, do men go for refuge to many places –to hills, woods, groves, trees and shrines. 189. Such, indeed, is no safe refuge; such is not the refuge supreme. Not by resorting to such a refuge is one released from all suffering. 190-191. He who have gone for refuge to the Buddha, his Teaching and his Order, penetrates with transcendental wisdom the Four Noble Truths –suffering, the cause of suffering, the cessation of suffering, and the Noble Eightfold Path leading to the cessation of suffering.

  2. This indeed is the safe refuge, this is the refuge supreme. Having gone tosuch a refuge, one is released fromall suffering. 193. Hard to find is the thoroughbred man (the Buddha), he is not born everywhere. Where such a wise man is born, that clan thrives happily. 194. Blessed is the birth of the Buddhas; blessed is the enunciation of the sacred Teaching; blessed is harmony in the Order; and blessed is the spiritual pursuit of the united truth上 背誦過去諸佛在說法時所開講的一些偈語。 1一位比丘因父親過世,留遺產給他和弟弟,起初他說他不需要,後來, 他想想如果有錢日子就好過,因此就悶悶不樂。佛陀就給他一些告誡。

seekers.

Order︰savgha,n.僧團。

〈188~ 192〉 188諸人恐怖故,去皈依山岳,或依于森林,園苑.樹支提1。 189此非安穩依,此非最上依,如是皈依者,不離一切苦。 190若人皈依佛,皈依法及僧,由于正智慧,得見四聖諦2。 191苦與苦之因,以及苦之滅,並八支聖道,能令苦寂滅。 192此皈依安穩,此皈依無上,如是皈依者,解脫一切苦。3

193聖人4極難得,彼非隨處生;智者所生處5,家族咸蒙慶。6

1樹支提︰樹塔廟,建廟于樹邊,祭樹神。在台灣也有拜樹頭公。 2四聖諦:苦、集(苦因)、滅(苦滅–涅槃)、道(苦滅之道–八支聖道)。時時 能實踐四聖諦,不久即可使苦滅絕。

3火授婆羅門(Aggidattabrahmana)是摩訶憍薩羅王(Mahakosala)的國師,摩 訶憍薩羅王是波斯匿王的父親。摩訶憍薩羅王逝世後,火授棄產,離家, 成為苦行者。他住處附近有一只凶猛的傘蛇(ahichatta),火授向弟子說: 「皈依山岳、森林、園林、樹,如此,你們就可以解除所有的痛苦。」 有一天,佛陀跟大目犍連尊者就到火授的住處,借宿一夜。火授原本不答應,後來帶他們去傘蛇住的地方。這只傘蛇被大目犍連尊者降伏。隔天,佛陀告誡火授:「只有依止佛法僧的人才能從世間苦解脫出來。」 說法畢,火授和他的弟子們證得阿拉漢果,他們也都加入僧伽為比丘。

4聖人︰purisajabbo(purisa+jabba,純粹的﹑貴族的),優秀的人,指佛陀。 5 DhA.:yat yatyatyatyatt tttth hhhha aaaas sssso ooooj jjjja aaaayat yatyatyatyati iiiid ddddh hhhhN iiiir rrrro oooouttamapabbo sammasambuddho.(智者所生 處:最上智的佛陀。)

6有一天,阿難尊者想到一個問題:「佛陀告訴我們,純種的大象生長在參達塔種(Chaddantakule)和優薩陀種(Uposathakule),純種馬生長在信度種(Sindhavakule)和哇拉卡沙王種 (Valahakassarajakule),純種牛生長在南 方(dakkhinapathe),但卻未提及最尊貴的人 (purisajabbo)到底生長在何 處?」于是,他就前去請教佛陀。佛陀說此偈。

194諸佛出現樂,演說正法樂,僧伽和合樂,修士和合樂。1

1諸比丘討論「在世間的幸福是什么?」 (「kim nu kho imasmim loke sukhan」ti),佛陀說此偈。

〈195~ 196〉

195供養應供者──脫離于虛妄,超越諸憂患,佛及佛弟子。 196若供養如是──寂靜無畏者,其所得功德,無能測量者。 1

1一婆羅門在耕作,佛陀請他過來相見。婆羅門來的時候順便拜天祠,但他沒有禮敬佛陀。佛陀肯定他拜天祠是對的,婆羅門就心情愉快。佛陀運用神通,在空中示現迦葉佛的金色塔,又說造塔的事,再說偈頌。

195-196. He who revere those worthy of reverence, the Buddhas and their disciples, who have transcended all obstacles and passed beyond the reach of sorrow and lamentation –he who revere such peaceful and fearless ones, his merit none can compute by any measure.

開佛知見,示佛知見,使悟佛知見,入佛知見也。