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12 -TheSelf (Dh.157-166) 十二、自己品

12 -TheSelf (Dh.157-166)

  1. If one holds oneself dear, one should diligently watch oneself. Let the wise man keep vigil during any of the three watches ofthenight. 158. One should first establish oneself in what is proper; then only should one instruct others. Thus the wise man will not be reproached. languish︰v.焦思。 vigil︰n.警戒。

〈155~156〉

〈十二、自己品〉

157若人知自愛,須善自保護。三時3中一時,智者應醒覺。

3三時:過去、未來、現在。在此指指人生三時──青年、中年、老年, 應該從事修行。

4菩提羅迦王子(Bodhirajakumara)建了一座王宮,落成典禮時,他邀請佛 陀前來祝福,並接受他的供養。他就在餐廳的地板上鋪設長的地毯,並 暗中許願,如果他們夫妻終究有子息,就請佛陀踏上地毯。當佛陀抵達 時,佛陀卻駐足,不踏上地毯,王子就叫人把地毯收起來。佛陀告訴王 子,他們夫婦今生不會有兒子,是因為過去世所造惡業的影響。在過去 某一世時,王子夫婦是一次船難的生還者,他們被沖上一座荒島,只能 吃鳥和鳥蛋為生,連幼鳥也不放過。因為這些惡業,他們今生不可能有 子息。如果當時有悔意,他們今生就會有孩子了。

158第一將自己,安置于正道,然後教他人;賢者始無過。

  1. One should do what one teaches others to do; if one would train others, one should be well-controlled oneself. Difficult, indeed is self-control. 160. One truly is the protector of oneself; who else could the protector be? With oneself fully controlled, one gains a mastery thatis hard togain. 161. The evil a witless man does by himself, born of himself and produced by himself, grinds him as a diamond grinds a hard gem. 162. Just as a jungle creeper strangles the tree on which it grows, even so a man who is exceedingly depraved harms himself as an enemy might wish. 163. Easy to do arethings that are bad and harmful to oneself. But exceedingly difficult to do are things that are good and beneficial. grind︰v.磨,磨成。 depraved︰a.墮落的,邪惡的。

159若欲誨他者,應如己所行,自制乃制他,克己實最難。

160自為自依怙,他人何可依1?自己善調御,證難得所依2。

161惡業實由自己作,從自己生而自起。惡業摧壞于愚者,猶 如金剛破寶石。3

162破戒如蔓蘿4,纏覆裟羅樹。彼自如此作,徒快敵者意。

163不善事易作,然無益于己;善與利益事,實為極難行。5

1修行者要依怙自己的經驗、判斷,依怙正法來達到解脫。

2證難得所依:natham labhati dullabham,證得難得的歸依處 (涅槃)。

3住在王舍城的摩訶迦羅(Mahakala)是須陀洹果的優婆塞,他到祇樹給孤 獨園去參加齋戒,天快要亮了,他到精舍附近的池塘去洗臉,小偷把贓 物丟在他的面前就逃逸,追趕的人把他當作小偷打死。這些比丘知情後, 就回精舍向佛陀報告,佛陀回答他們:「他是在償還過去某一世的惡業。 那時候,他愛上一位有夫之婦,而把婦人的丈夫打死。因此,惡有惡報, 甚至使人墮落地獄。」

4蔓蘿(梵):maluva,藤類。裟羅樹被此藤纏住將枯死。

5有一天,提婆達多跟佛陀說,他日漸衰老,建議他把僧團領導的責任移 交給他。佛陀拒絕他。從此以後,他內心痛苦,也企圖殺害佛陀,但都 失敗了。後來,他改采其它手段:建議所有的比丘,在一生之中都要遵 守以下五條戒律(Vin.Cv.II,197.):(1)(比丘)應該盡形壽住曠野(阿蘭若), 若到村落就犯罪。 (2)應該盡形壽乞食,若受邀請食就犯罪。 (3)應該盡形 壽著糞掃衣,若受居士衣就犯罪。 (4)應該盡形壽樹下住,若住屋就犯罪。

(2)應該盡形壽不吃魚肉,若吃魚肉就犯罪。提婆達兜承認他所以提議增 設五條戒律是要分裂僧伽。佛陀說:「提婆達兜如此分裂僧團,是非常 嚴重的惡行,他將來會為這邪惡的企圖受苦難。」提婆達兜終于率領一群比丘到象頂山。後來,舍利弗尊者和大目犍連尊者前去勸誡跟隨他前 去的比丘,其中很多比丘也知過悔改,回來依止佛陀。

 164. Whoever, on account of perverted views, scorns the Teaching of the Perfected Ones, the Noble and Righteous Ones of righteous life –that fool, like the bamboo, produces fruits only for self-destruction. 165. By oneself is evil done, by oneself is one defiled. By oneself is evil left undone, by oneself is one made pure. Purity and impurity depend ononeself; no one can purify another. 166. Let one not neglect his own welfare for the sake of another, however great. Clearly understanding his own welfare, let one be intent uponthegood.

164惡慧.愚癡人,以其邪見故,侮蔑羅漢教,依正法行者, 以及尊者教,而自取毀滅,如格他格草1,結果自滅亡。

165惡實由己作,染污亦由己;由己不作惡,清淨亦由己。 淨.不淨依己,他何能淨他?

166莫以利他事,忽于己利益2。善知己利者,常專心利益。

開佛知見,示佛知見,使悟佛知見,入佛知見也。